Beo-Gramscian Approaches and Marxist Thinking on International Essay

Beo-Gramscian Approaches and Marxist Thinking on International Relations - Essay Example Gramsci who was a leader of Italian Communist party in the fascist era did not ever write much directly on international relations. Gramaci did not see state merely as the government since its functioning is effectively constrained by the hegemony of the dominant capitalist class. Along with the government, he saw the role of "the church, the educational system, the press, all the institutions which helped to create in people certain modes of behaviour and expectations consistent with the hegemonic social order" (Cox, 1993, p.51). In brief, he clearly saw that "the hegemony of a dominant class thus bridged the conventional categories of state and civil society, categories which retained a certain analytical usefulness but ceased to correspond to separable entities in reality" (Cox, 1993, p.51). Gramsci's delineation of the concept 'passive revolution' is particularly useful in characterising the social formations in most of the third world countries since they are "caught up in a dia lectic of revolution-restoration which tended to become blocked as neither the new forces nor the old could triumph" (Cox, 1993, p.54). It means that since there is enormous pressure from the advance countries, the third world countries cannot remain stagnant although these societies are characterised by the dominance of old forces such as feudal and conservative forces. The crucial fact is that the industrial bourgeoisie in these countries cannot rule the society without allying with the reactionary forces. "Most of Gramsci's substantive work focused upon the analysis of national social formations in particular historic periods, particularly Italy" (Gill, 1993, p.3). Gramsci is significant in breaking the mould of orthodoxy in both Marxist theory and practice. Gramsci's ideas are so vital to develop a comprehensive understanding of the state- civil society relationships only in the West but also the rest of the world. Gramsci considered political economy as just the anatomy of civil society. Gramsci's works raise a number of critical questions on the nature of culture, the state, ideology, hegemony and civil society in advanced capitalist societies. It does not mean that his ideas have limited relevance to the non-Western contexts, rather denotes the particular milieu of his scholarship.In the realm of International Relations and International Political Economy, Gramsci's ideas are much used in understanding "the internationalisation of state and civil society, the international aspect s of social hegemony and supremacy, and the transnational class and bloc formations and economic forces, the role of organic intellectuals and of international organisations and other issues which help to define the nature of global politics in twentieth century" (Gill, 1993, p.4). There is dialectical relationship between the integration and disintegration of the world order, mainly due to the crises faces by the global system and the measures taken to overcome them. On the contrary, neo-realists presuppose that the international

Process of Recruitment Selection

Process of Recruitment Selection Executive Summary: The assignment is prepared to explain the process of Recruitment Selection Which involves identifying and attracting the potential candidates from within and outside the organization and evaluating them for future employment. Todays tight labour in the market is making it more difficult for organizations to find, recruit, and select talented people. The competition for talent is intensifying, as there is a huge talent in the market. This makes it more important for the organizations to effectively select and retain quality candidates. Better recruitment and selection strategies result in improved organizational outcomes. The more effectively organizations recruit and select candidates, the more likely they are to hire and retain satisfied employees. The study is based on the process of Recruitment Selection of the candidates on the basis of which they will be utilizing their skills for the growth and functions of the organization. Introduction: In the current scenario, there is a lot of talent in the market so the process of Recruitment selection has also been made difficult. For instance, Getting into IIMs is really a tough job or getting into a firm called Golden Gate, really calls for competition. So particular attention is given to core skills required in a selection interview such as planning, avoiding potential distortion, questioning, listening and evaluation. Process of recruitment attracts three stages: Identify define the recruitment, attract potential applicants and selecting the appropriate people, this also helps in determining the organizational objectives. Objective: The objective of making this report is to examine the overall process of Recruiting selecting in the interest of the organization. In other words, it is also important to note if the HR plans are implemented or not. Recruitment Selection: The process of recruitment selection deals with the attainment of organizational objectives by selecting the most appropriate candidate. Internet has become the most effective method of recruitment as it saves time and cost of the Recruiters and the Candidates too. In order to achieve the objectives of the organization the HR also follow some practices like Ability Tests, Behavior based interviews and also analyze the candidates knowledge required for the concerned job. Initially, it involves short listing of those candidates who are eligible for the mentioned profile. Then, the candidate is required to present his ability and knowledge by undertaking some tests which are based to analyze the knowledge of the candidate. Then the candidates are required to take interview on the basis of which the skills of the candidates are evaluated. Then after this stage, HR selects those candidates whom he thinks will prove to be beneficial for the organization. The role of the human resource function is two-fold: 1. To participate in the decision process by providing information and opinion on each option, including: * Redundancy or recruitment costs * Consequences on morale * Redeployment/outplacement opportunities * Availability of skilled staff within the organization * Availability of suitable people in the job market * Time constraints * Development/training needs/schedules * Management requirements. This forms part of the information collated from the organization as a whole 2. To support line managers dealing with the people consequences of implementing the decision. Information already gathered provides the basis for a human resource plan.) (Human Resource Management, R P Mohanty) Issues Related to Recruitment Selection: In order to perform a suitable criteria for selection, there exists different issues as it entails high competition on the technical aspects of different organizations. The recruitment process has been very challenging in todays scenario, since there is lot of competition in the market and to employ the best workforce, the best practices should be adopted, like Reliability, Validity, Costs, Professional Image and Candidate Reaction.. Validation is a process of establishing a relationship between performance on a selection method and other independently observable measures of the attributes being tested. Costs of employing a candidate is also measured both in quantitative qualitative terms, like Training costs and employee costs (salary). Apart from this the recruitment process also depends upon factors like the economy situation, the companys performance, its reputation, its market share If the economy is doing well then there would be more hiring in the organizations. Other issues like Gender Bisedness, dominancy by seniors also prevail in the market The cost and time of following through the selection procedures Employment processes can be long and costly giving rise to the temptation to take shortcuts. However a rushed employment process can be more time consuming and costly in the long run. The aim is to get the best applicant for the job in open competition. There should be no short cuts in the selection process, particularly at the short listing stage. All members of the panel should have the opportunity to see all applications and have an opportunity to have input into the short list of applicants. Conflicts of interest If a panel member is closely related or in an intimate personal relationship there is a potential conflict of interest which should be declared and a replacement found. When an applicant is known personally to members of the selection panel, or is part of their social or professional network there may be a conflict of interest or the perception that one exists. In this case it is extremely important to be vigilant in following the set procedures. The selection committee should not receive additional information (e.g. anecdotal material) about an applicant outside the recruitment process. Such information could be based on hearsay or may be influenced by the personal bias of the member who presents the information. Use of personal characteristics as selection criteria Problems may arise as a result of requiring that an applicant be ‘assertive’, ‘dynamic’, ‘enthusiastic’ rather than clearly identifying what skills the job requires. (LA TROBE UNIVERSITY) According to Mr SUSAN.R. MEISINGER, There exists four Cs in HR Profession: Competent, Curious, Courageous and Caring. Competent: An HR Professional must be competent enough to face all the challenges that come in front of him/her and able to work in a competitive environment in the interest of the Organizational objectives. Curious: The HR must be curious to know the information related to candidates which must be in the interest of the organization. It should not be against the interest of the candidate. For example, he should not be asked any question which him feel uncomfortable. Courageous: The HR must be courageous enough to employ the best staff vis-Ã  -vis taking into consideration the costs of the organization. Here is a case explained that Nokia Company wishing to hire some Professionals in the company, the HR (Mr. Halstein Moerk) was courageous enough to deal with the costs benefits of the organization.(nokia.com) Caring: It is a saying that Money is not everything, so the HR should be caring in terms of providing monetary benefits and other amenities like Transporting Facility, fooding etc. Conclusion: Above all, the process recruitment selection has all the way become more difficult. Since the organizations want to hire more talented and effective employees and can create a difference in the interest of the organization. The organizations have adopted different methods of recruiting a candidate. Different kinds of agencies are used to recruit for positions at different levels. Temporary and government agencies are used mainly to recruit non-management candidates. Employment agencies, colleges, and professional organizations are used more often to recruit managerial/professional. Although nearly all (97 percent) the organizations already use behavior-based interviews to some extent when selecting employees, nearly half (49 percent) plan to use them more frequently in the future. This type of structured interview can be used to validly predict future behavior in dimensions (or competencies) critical to job success. Less than 20 percent of organizations currently use testing or assessment methods extensively in their selection process. However, organizations plan to increase their use of applicant testing and assessment in the future. These structured approaches to assess skills, abilities, and knowledge can significantly reduce the candidate pool by eliminating those who fail to meet the minimum job qualifications. Finally, better recruitment and selection strategies result in improved organizational outcomes. The more effectively organizations recruit and select candidates, the more likely they are to hire and retain satisfied employees. In addition, the effectiveness of an organizations selection system can influence bottom-line business outcomes, such as productivity and financial performance. Hence, investing in the development of a comprehensive and valid selection system is money well spent.

The Bridge Of San Luis Ray Essay -- essays research papers

Thornton Wilder (1897-1975) The Bridge of San Luis Rey The Bridge of San Luis Rey, by Thornton Wilder, presents the ancient dilemma of whether tragedy is the result of chance or a manifestation of divine intervention. It explores the lives of five people and reveals their internal struggles for survival. The sadness that is created by the undying love of the Marquesa de Montemayor for her daughter, Esteban for his twin brother, Manual and Uncle Pio for the vain actress, Camilla Perichole, is so overwhelming in its enormity, that when tragedy strikes, we feel relief that their suffering is finally over. The scene is set in Lima, Peru, in 1714. One afternoon, an ancient bridge broke sending five people to their deaths. Brother Juniper, a Franciscan monk, witnesses this catastrophe and believes he can prove the existence of divine intervention. The first person is the Marquesa de Montemayor along with her servant and companion, Pepita. The Marquesa’s love for her daughter is not returned which sends her into a state of borderline psychosis. She begins to drink heavily and neglects to take care of the most important things in her life. One night while Pepita lay sleeping, the Marquesa is struck with the realization that her love for her daughter is a selfish love and she decides to renounce this love and begin a new life. Esteban and Manuel are orphaned twins found on the steps of a convent and raised by Maria del Pilar. When Manuel dies of an infection, Esteban is in despair and is about to embark on a new life with Captain Alvarado when he crosses the bridge. Camilla Perichole did not die on the bridge but was a victim nonetheless. Uncle Pio, friend and confidant of the Perichole, takes her son to educate him in the Arts and literature. The two never make it across the bridge. The Perichole is a famous actress who plays an important role in the story. â€Å"She is the axis, as it were, around which everything turns†(Stresau 23). She weaves the threads of the story together with her â€Å"passions and perversities†(Fadiman 338). The Perichole is a very selfish woman who indirectly causes the death of Manuel, Esteban’s brother, by destroying his will to live. When Manuel falls in love with the Perichole, the love the brothers' share becomes tainted and is forever destroyed. The only time that Manuel admits this is when he is in a state of such pain, he lashes out: ... ... of tragedy and lets her be the diamond in the rough. She is the one person whose vision is unaltered from the very beginning of the book and to her the other survivors draw their own courage. Camilla Perichole was in such pain over the loss Uncle Pio and her son Don Jaime, that she could no longer live in solitude. She desperately wished to be able to tell them one last time of her love for them. She sought out Maria del Pilar who accepted her with open arms and without judgment. â€Å"I fail everybody,† she cried. â€Å"They love me and I fail them†(Wilder 143). The Marquesa de Montemayor’s daughter, Dona Clara, also came in search of redemption. Her guilt of not returning her mother’s love was consuming her and she wished to be punished. Dona Clara and Camille Perichole began to find new meaning in their lives by helping Maria del Pilar take care of those less fortunate them themselves. The question still remains. Was it an accident or by design? It is best to leave the mystery in place, for to answer it dissolves the meaning of the book. Just knowing that some good came out of a catastrophic event brings pleasure to one’s heart and leaves us believing that it really does not matter.

Imagery of Dark vs Light in James Joyce’s “Araby” Essay

The most remarkable imagery in Joyce’s’ â€Å"Araby† is the imagery of dark and light. The whole story reads like a chiaroscuro, a play of light and darkness. Joyce uses the darkness to describe the reality which the boy lives in and the light to describe the boy’s imagination – his love for Mangan’s sister. The story starts with the description of the dark surroundings of the boy: his neighborhood and his home. Joyce uses these dark and gloomy references to create the dark mood and atmosphere. Later, when he discusses Mangan’s sister, he changes to bright light references which are used to create a fairy tale world of dreams and illusions. In the end of the story, we see the darkness of the bazaar that represents the boy’s disappointment. On the simplest level, â€Å"Araby† is a story about a boy’s first love. On a deeper level, however, it is a story about the world in which he lives – a world inimical to ideals and dreams. This imagery reinforces the theme and the characters. Thus, it becomes the true subject of the story. The prevailing imagery of darkness shows that the boy’s spiritual environment is musty and dark.. â€Å"Araby† begins at dusk and continues through the evening during the winter. He chooses gloomy setting to be the home of a young boy. The houses in the street where the boy lives have â€Å"brown imperturbable faces† (40) ,his home has â€Å"gloomy rooms†(44) and the gardens where they play are dark. In this darkness only the boy and his laughing and shouting companions â€Å"glow†. They are still too young to have succumbed to the spiritual decay of the adult inhabitants. But the boys must play in â€Å"dark muddy lanes,† in â€Å"dark dripping gardens,† near † dark odorous stables† and â€Å"ash pits† (40 ). They use to â€Å"hid in shadows† (40 ) which are also part of the dark imagery. Into this world of darkness appears a figure representative of the light and all that is ideal, Mangan’s sister. She is the contrast to the boy’s dark world so she stands out in his dark environment. The narrator describes her figure as: â€Å"defined by the light† (40). His youthful imagination sees her as a figure always surrounded with light. â€Å"The light from the lamp opposite our door caught the white curve of her neck† (43). Because of her the boy feels a surge of hope that now, in her love, he will find light. This girl becomes  an image to him of all that he seeks in his dark surroundings. She has the power to set a flame in him. The boy tells us that her image, constantly accompanies him: â€Å"at night in my bedroom and by day in the classroom her image came between me and the page I strove to read†(43). Her image accompanies him even in places â€Å"the most hostile to romance† and makes him feel as though he bears a holy â€Å"chalice† through a â€Å"throng of foes†-the Saturday evening throng of â€Å"drunken men, bargaining women, cursing laborers† (41), and all the others who represent his dark surroundings and have no conception of the mystical beauty his young mind has created in this world of material ugliness. Joyce refers to bright light when discussing Mangan’s sister in order to give her a heavenly presence. Plainly he has felt the summons to cherish the holy, the â€Å"light,† in this dark world of those who are hostile to the sacred. The most significant role of the dark and light imagery appears in the end of the story in the bazaar. Here, the two imageries appear together but the end of the story is dark as the beginning. When finally the girl speaks to the boy she asks him if he is going to â€Å"Araby†. From that moment, the boy loses interest in his school and in everything around him. He thinks of nothing but the girl and the bazaar. He can see nothing but her â€Å"dark house† and â€Å"her brown-clad figure touched by lamp-light† (44). He feels that if he can gain the girl the light will be restored to his dark existence. He goes to â€Å"Araby† to buy her some gift and win her heart. James Joyce uses the lights of the bazaar to illustrate the boy’s confrontation with reality. When the boy reaches the bazaar he expects it to be open and lighted. However ,†nearly all the stalls were closed and the greater part of the hall was in darkness† (45 ). When he sees some lights there he remembers the reason he is there † The sight of the streets†¦glaring with gas recalled to me the purpose of my journey† (46) – Mangan’s sister. But the light is there for a very short time. In the end, we see again the darkness image: â€Å"the light was out† , â€Å"the upper part of the whole was now completely dark†(46), the boy is â€Å"gazing up into the  darkness† (46). With this darkness Joyce shows us the boy’s disappointment with his quest. The dark imagery shows that when he finds out that the bazaar isn’t what he expects it to be he realizes that his love exists only in his mind. The theme of the story-the discrepancy between the real and the ideal is made final in the dark description of the bazaar, a place of tawdry make-believe. The story that begins with the light-dark contrasts ends with it. The fact that in the end of the story the bazaar is dark shows that his love, like his quest for a gift to draw the girl to him, ends with his realizing that his love exists only in his mind. The experiences of the boy illustrate how people often expect more than ordinary reality can provide and then feel disillusioned and disappointed. This disillusion is shown in the end when the boy tells that he sees himself as a â€Å"creature driven and derided by vanity† (46). The boy senses the falsity of his dreams. He sees the dark reality and his eyes burn â€Å"with anguish and anger†. The last sentence reveals anger, hostility and a sense of harsh realization that his love for the girl was based on ignorance and self-deception. Realizing this, the boy takes his first step into adulthood.

Forensic Accounting Essay

What types of systems are needed to ensure that all individuals have access to the benefits of our community as well to bring health and effectiveness to an organization or the broader community? There are two systems of process that ensure all individuals have access to the benefits of our community. The first is due process which is the ability of getting noticed and participating in the decisions that affect an individual (Baird, 2011). The second is substantive process which makes sure people know and understand the rules (Baird, 2011). How do we ensure fair treatment, fair administration of rules, fair compensation, fair blame, and ensure due process to allow all opinions to be heard? We can make ethical decisions by creating fair systems for resolution of disputes and policies that state expectations (Baird,2011). We should care for all members and institutions of the community when allocating resources (Baird, 2011). We should give to each member of the community knowing they are a part of the happiness of the entire community. How might the Relationship Lens be misused through abuse of power or personal hubris? Having an excessive pride and arrogance can move us from unintentional ethical wrong doing to intentional wrong doing (Baird, 2011). Cite a recent example in the news. I have an example of hubris in my work place that I will share. Our current CEO has chosen to take his annual bonus when he made the decision to freeze raises and increase the employee cost of health insurance. He does not pay the premiums of his health insurance policy but raised the cost for all employees. He purchased a very expensive piece of equipment costing over $2.5 million in 2011 causing an operating loss for the year. This equipment holds a great deal of prestige for him in the healthcare industry. I have been very disappointed that he has made the decisions he has made with total disregard for all other employees affected. His excessive pride and arrogance has caused him to intentionally act unethically. What types of systems are needed to ensure that all individuals have access to the benefits of our community as well to bring health and effectiveness to an organization or the broader community? Bella and Frederick both use the concept of moral ecology to callus to greater responsibility for the community.Frederick also reminds us that companies and corporations and communities at large have responsibilities toward life – conserving values such fairness, unselfishness,and restraint, that both create and sustain human collective life. Judeo-Christian tradition calls us to responsibility for others. Due process is used to achieve our goals, assuring that those without access to power have equal opportunity to thrive. How might the Relationship Lens be misused through abuse of power or personal hubris? Cite a recent example in the news. (If you don’t know the meaning of hubris, look it up and include its definition as you answer this question.) As Timothy Clark noted, â€Å"The ambition to govern one’s fellow beings tend to view leadership as the pathway to glittering world of personal reward. Another risk that we run as we work is to become authoritarian and paternalistic. Another bias to watch is entrainment,where we are so cut up in work that we forget to ask important key questions. Hubris, excessive pride and arrogance,moves us from unintentional ethical wrongdoing to intentional wrongdoing. Biggest example I can recall is resent war in Iraq,President Bush and VP Chaney failed to show responsibilities as an ethical decision makers. How do you know when you are improperly using your personal power?How do you know when your life is out of balance? How do you bring it back into balance? The focus of the Relationship Lens is always fundamental fairness. Lens is inviting us to live a life in relationship with others in community. If decision maker is not balancing the personal need of individual to community needs, if he or she not subordinates own rights to that of the group. After making the decision one must ask himself questions, analyze decision through different ethic lenses. What improvements could we make on our process of ethical analysis? Did we like the results? What were the problems with the process? What decision we are not comfortable with? As we reflect on the results,we can put strategic for the future and became more ethical in our decisions in other words more ethically mature. We also can improve and bring our self to balanced ethical ground. a. The systems I believe that are needed to ensure access to benefits in our community are education, health, and judicial. An education system is important to help equip individuals with necessary skills that will help them to earn a living and contribute to the well being of their society. A health care system will help to maintain a healthy community by addressing all health needs. Having a judicial system will ensure that justice is dispensed and that fairness and adherence of the laws are followed. b. A Democratic System of Government which is guided by the Constitution can assure fair treatment, fair administration of rules, fair compensation, fair blame, and ensure due process to allow all opinions to be heard. The Constitution is used as a guide by Government to craft legislation, laws and regulations to ensure that there is fairness and justice in society. d. We may know that we are improperly using our personal power when for example we are in a position of leadership or power and use our office to influence others to do things our way. We may realize that our life is out of balance when we become depressed, suicidal, suffer from addition and is easily enraged. We can to my mind bring our life back into balance by doing introspection, and accepting responsibility. What types of systems are needed to ensure that all individuals have access to the benefits of our community as well to bring health and effectiveness to an organization or the broader community. There are several systems that are design to allow access to benefits. These include laws that are used to identify and support individuals who would require such services. If a medical provider or a school employee notices something that might be child abuse or elder abuse, they are required by law to report it. By reporting a possible incident a wide net of services are employed to investigate and perhaps implement services needed by the individual. Laws are also passed to describe who gets and what benefits are available to an individual. Social agencies, organizations and religious groups are often used to educate, locate and provide for the individuals in need. The media in various forms is often used to promote changes or additions to the benefits. A well educated community is the best weapon in the organizations arsenal. How do we ensure fair treatment, fair administration of rules, fair compensation, fair blame and ensure due process to allow all opinions to be heard? It is sometimes very difficult to ensure all of the fairness listed above in the heat of the moment. In order to do so one must step back and remove oneself from the heat of the event. When emotions become to involved it is difficult to implement fairness. This can be seen when the media appears to â€Å"convict† someone before they are arrested and tried. Laws have been passed to help identify areas that should be address fairly and these include race, age, disability ,and religion. Legislation has also determined a federal minimal wage and passed laws dealing with equal pay for equal work. Labor Unions often campaign for certain employment benefits for its members. The knowledge that a business’s could be sued for unfairness or prejudice is another protection. Businesses often have a policy Manuel that addresses how they will deal with certain issues. Knowledge of an individuals rights and duties written down gives all sides the knowledge of what is considered right and wrong in that group. . How do you know when you are improperly using your personal power? How do you know when your life is out of balance? How do you bring it back into balance? Self analysis and appraisal is required to obtain this knowledge. Every once in a while one must ask oneself if one is following the right path. Listening to others is a good way to identify if one is improperly using ones power. It doesn’t mean they are always correct but it may point your self reflection in the right direction. Checking ones ethical compass is another. I know when my life is out of balance when I can not be everywhere at once. Work stresses, problems and information should stay there. Family and personal business should not interfere with work or school. When I find myself spending time from one part of my life dealing with another part of my life then I am our of balance. Again one must step back and access what is going on and figure out if it is going to be temporary or long term. One can then figure out a course of action and decide what is needed. Being brave enough to ask for help if needed.   Superwoman is an concept promoted by the media that does exist, rather one needs to make sure one is not overwhelmed. In addition if it is a major project or event sometimes if I break it into pieces it is easier to digest and equilibrium returns. What types of systems are needed to ensure that all individuals have access to the benefits of our community as well to bring health and effectiveness to an organization or the broader community? The types of systems that are need to that all individuals have access to the benefits of our community as well to bring health and effectiveness to an organization or a broader community would be systems such electricity which allows everyone to have access to light, television for allowing the world to come into your place of living, and also the telephone systems that allows individuals to communicate with the world through voice. 2. How do we ensure fair treatment, fair administration of rules, fair compensation, fair blame and ensure due process to allow all opinions to be heard? We ensure fair treatment , fair administration of rules, fair compensation, fair blame and ensure due process to allow all opinions to be heard by establishment organizations such as the Equal Employment opportunity commission(EEOC) for fair treatment. Fair administration of rules would include organizations such as the Federal Trade Commission(FTC) and the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration(FMSCA)Fair compensation organizations would include the Department of Labor(DOL). Fair blame and due process would be the Justice system. 3. How do you know when you are improperly using your personal power? How do you know when your life is out of balance? How do you bring it back into balance. Where in truth good choices are not made. Also power is abused, it can result from an imbalance of information education or financial resources, than the other party may not be able to freely choose what I wants to do. When power is out of balance, we often are using the persons as a means to our preferred ends rather than treating the person as an end, a human being with a autonomy and choices in how to live his life. To bring power back into balance is to establish a connection with your inner spirit and knowing the right thing to.

B.O.P shift from U.S. to S.U. essays

B.O.P shift from U.S. to S.U. essays The balance of power in Europe shifted to the United States and the Soviet Union during the years 1945 to 1970 making way for change. The balance of power in Europe came with the surrender of Germany to end WWII. With no common enemy to unite them, the inherent differences between East and West, capitalism and communism solidified the division of Europe between the now Super Powers, the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. Lastly, as the Cold War deepened between the United States and the Soviet Union during the next several decades it intensified U.S. and U.S.S.R. positions of power in Europe. The changing balance of power in Europe shifted to the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II and the years to follow. With the surrendering of Germany during WWII, the victorious U.S. and U.S.S.R. occupied all of Europe, but the treatment of Germany and all of Europe was based on the decisions of the Big Three (Churchill, Stalin, and Roosevelt). The decision between western allies and Stalin for the U.S.S.R. to enter the war against Japan after the war in Germany had concluded postponed political decisions on the Balkans and Eastern Europe, which gave Stalins Red Army time to occupy those areas. The Yalta Conference attended by the Big Three attempted to liberate Europe and deal with Germany reparations and Poland. The Yalta Agreements were loosely struck and access to Berlin by the Western powers was not as clearly worked out as it should have been. Such lack of precision was characteristic of other parts of the Yalta agreements as well, leading to future disputes and recriminations between Western powers and the Russians creating a further division of powers. Escalating the division of the now Super Powers, the U.S. and U.S.S.R. was the failure of the de facto agreement made between the Big Three, allowing Soviet occupation of Eastern Europe to continue. The destiny of Easter Europe in...

Panama Canal - History and Overview

Panama Canal - History and Overview The 48 mile-long (77 km) international waterway known as the Panama Canal allows ships to pass between the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean, saving about 8000 miles (12,875 km) from a journey around the southern tip of South America, Cape Horn. History of the Panama Canal The new Panamanian government authorized French businessman Philippe Bunau-Varilla, to negotiate a treaty with the United States. The Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty allowed the U.S. to build the Panama Canal and provided for perpetual control of a zone five-miles wide on either side of the canal. Although the French had attempted construction of a canal in the 1880s, the Panama Canal was successfully built from 1904 to 1914. Once the canal was complete the U.S. held a swath of land running the approximately 50 miles across the isthmus of Panama. The division of the country of Panama into two parts by the U.S. territory of the Canal Zone caused tension throughout the twentieth century. Additionally, the self-contained Canal Zone (the official name for the U.S. territory in Panama) contributed little to the Panamanian economy. The residents of the Canal Zone were primarily U.S. citizens and West Indians who worked in the Zone and on the canal. Anger flared in the 1960s and led to anti-American riots. The U.S. and Panamanian governments began to work together to solve the territorial issue. In 1977, U.S. President Jimmy Carter signed a treaty which agreed to return 60% of the Canal Zone to Panama in 1979. The canal and remaining territory, known as the Canal Area, was returned to Panama at noon (local Panama time) on December 31, 1999. Additionally, from 1979 to 1999, a bi-national transitional Panama Canal Commission ran the canal, with an American leader for the first decade and a Panamanian administrator for the second. The transition at the end of 1999 was very smooth, for over 90% of the canal employees were Panamanian by 1996. The 1977 treaty established the canal as a neutral international waterway and even in times of war any vessel is guaranteed safe passage. After the 1999 hand-over, the U.S. and Panama jointly shared duties in defending the canal. Operation of the Panama Canal It takes approximately fifteen hours to traverse the canal through its three sets of locks (about half the time is spent waiting due to traffic). Ships passing through the canal from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean actually move from the northwest to the southeast, due to the east-west orientation of the Isthmus of Panama. Panama Canal Expansion In September, 2007 work began on a $5.2 billion project to expand the Panama Canal. Expected to be complete in 2014, the Panama Canal expansion project will allow ships double the size of current Panamax to pass through the canal, dramatically increasing the amount of goods that can pass through the canal.

7 Places to Look for Part-time Jobs

7 Places to Look for Part-time Jobs Part-time jobs are a great opportunity to earn  income and/or develop a new  skill set if you don’t  the time or flexibility to commit to a full-time job. Unfortunately, finding a part-time job is not as simple as you might think. Consider these seven tried and true places to look in order to avoid ending up among the ranks of frustrated part-time job seekers. 1. Local Staffing AgenciesWhile some staffing agencies work only with candidates seeking full-time jobs, others specialize in flexible work arrangements and may have extensive connections with employers looking to fill part-time or seasonal positions. Contact local staffing agencies to find one that meets your needs.2. Classified Ads- Print and OnlineWhile the days of searching your local newspaper listings with a red pen in hand may be coming to an end, the classifieds remain a viable source for finding part-time work. Online help wanted advertising sites also contain part-time employment opportunities. And donâ⠂¬â„¢t forget about sites like Craigslist, which may contain less traditional jobs with more flexible hours.One word of caution: when using Craigslist and similar sites, be sure to take safety measures when it comes to giving out personal information and refrain from accepting interviews at non-public locations.3. Online Job BoardsBecause online job boards are searchable, they make it easier than ever to find a job that suits both your skill set and time constraints. Using the site-provided filter, narrow your search to part-time jobs and see only those that make sense for your schedule.4. Unemployment AgenciesDo you think of unemployment agencies as the places to go when you don’t have a job, as opposed to when you’re looking for one? Think again. Aimed at helping people find work, unemployment agencies maintain databases of current local openings. These may include both full-time and part-time opportunities in industries ranging from food service to retail to healthc are.5. Shoot SmallMany smaller companies, including startups and â€Å"solopreneurs,† are more willing to offer employees flexibility in the workplace. Why? Because they may not yet  have the funds or workload  to support a full-time employee, or may lack sufficient office space for another full-time worker. Expanding your search beyond corporate into smaller- and often specialized  organizations, such as non-profits, museums, libraries, and churches- can yield results.6. Network, Network, NetworkMany employers aren’t eager to waste time and resources advertising part-time jobs. This is where your network comes in. If you let friends- both in person and online- know that you’re looking for part-time work, you’ll likely be pleasantly surprised by what turns up.7. Consider FreelanceA new breed of freelance job boards- such as eLance and oDesk- offer scores of contract and freelance jobs for everyone from software programmers to creative writers. If yo u’re looking for a part-time job that allows you to work from home, these niche job sites deliver.While finding part-time employment can be a challenge, perseverance- and knowing where to look- will ultimately pay off in the form of a job that not only meets your scheduling needs, but also your unique skill set.

Continuos quality improvement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Continuos quality improvement - Essay Example Lack of information among patient is a leading cause of hostility to treatment or noncooperation. Thus, this is a problem that hinders quality healthcare. Upon defining the problem, I would collect the relevant data that would show this problem and hence support the need for patient education. Analysis of the collected data would show the current performance of the program (The National Learning Consortium, 2013). By so doing, CQI initiative would identify the main causes of the problem. Data analysis forms a basis for improvement. Improvement should be made if the results show low-quality indicators. A CQI process should identify the root causes of a problem and the alternative changes that can improve the process. About patient education, data may show that lack of information about treatment and aspects such as pain may lead to hostility to treatment among patients. After determining the necessary changes, control measures should be instituted. Control measures involve close monitoring of the initiative to ensure that it delivers the required objectives. In the end, the CQI initiate would be successful. The National Learning Consortium. (2013). Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) Strategies to Optimize your Practice. Retrieved from

The intercaction between business and the external environment - Pest Essay

The intercaction between business and the external environment - Pest Amalysis - Essay Example With competition in the food and drinks retail market becoming stiffer in the UK market, the company has come up with strategy of increasing its retail outlet in other parts of the world as a way of maintaining growth in the market. The company has set out four manning goals which have been a source of it strong in the market n and also source of growth. (T-online, 2008) Tesco is one of the largest retail chains in the industry holding more than 30% of the market share in the UK which has been seen as dominance in the sector. The supermarket accounts for 1 of every 8 pounds that are spent by UK shoppers in food and drinks industry. Currently the store has more than 400,000 employees in all its retail outlets. It has integrated the interest of different stakeholders in its goals and objective which have been the growth point. The company and an initial goal of becoming a strong UK core business. In this regard the company had set out a goal of growing in the external world but with a special focus of the UK market. In the last few years the industry had been record marginal growth but Tesco had been recording massive growth in its operation. This has been through given customers value for their money and offering cheaper products. Since it was established the company set out goals of becoming strong food and nonfood earlier in the UK market. These were two industrial sectors that were growing very fast in the consumer world and therefore the initial targets were aimed at reaching to all the market segments that dealt with these goods. Since then it has grown to be the largest online retailer in the world with more that 1 millions customer in the word. The company also set goal of diversifying its operations in the external market and a 30% of the stores are found out side the UK and the company has been having a plan of increasing it to 45% of their markets by investing in Central Europe and Asia. The company also set out a

Public Relations Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Public Relations Plan - Essay Example The College height is to create a competitive private sector, which accommodates the diverse academic fields that the world can offer. Our institution boasts of lodging seven schools in its park. The present faculties are growing to put up with the blissful near future our college is set to thrive in it. As an institution, we believe we are growing from the nugget of a small private college that was to a multi-national academic footprint. The history of this park, where the vast buildings of this college sit; have an olden times of a long tradition of education, and magnificent achievement. The institution will grow from the well re-known London Zoo it harbors to a better academic institution with distinction (Duhe, 2007:21). The presidential visit provides us with a ripe time to highlight what the institution boasts of and what it can offer. Like every other Educational Institution, this possibility of a stately visit lays our grounds to grow in the eyes of the world. The few minute s of grace and honor presented to us by the president calls for proper channeling for the benefit of the entire Regent College. It is an opportunity that opens us to the international focus. Regent’s College, which has grown into a multi-disciplinary campus community, will rise up to the pinnacle of the seven world-renowned schools if we utilize the president’s visit amicably. This public relation plan efforts divines the event goals: the presidential visit to serve as a friendraiser for the institution. As an academic community, we would like to harvest as many beneficiaries globally to our institution as possible. This in return will increase the scholars’ attendance, inform new global audience, in better way educate, and inform our public. Planning and programming Audience Having drawn seven successful colleges in its Villa Park grounds, the presidential visit should attract not only the internal scholars but also the international community. The president wi ll address a range of audience who will substantially benefit. Regent’s fraternity is bound to witness a tumult of internal audience. From this view, we will have full attendance of the internal scholars, parents and guardians, kids and teaching staff (Watson, 2007:12). Every faculty will also parade its staff and the personnel’s owing to its success. The speech is destined to address the uncommon path of its success and the possible reason for its unmatched itinerary. The internal audience will keenly want to hear their stake in comparison to the other international academic community. The College has preserved enough space as well for the external audience. The presidential speech will be a reason for the general public, volunteer groups and charity organizations. All this, being put into place; is to highlight the expansiveness of the historical park and its viability to develop still further. The potential and existing founders and commissioners, service users, pol itical and professional stakeholders expected to gather at Regent’s College will form part of the multitude the president will address. They will be all in not to listen to eloquent American president, but also to listen a powerful person speak of their own Regent College. Key messages The presidents speak will be key to the public. His messages must communicate in order to reach the

On-Job Training And E-Learning In The Petrochemical Plants Research Paper

On-Job Training And E-Learning In The Petrochemical Plants - Research Paper Example The researcher states that training has become a need of organizations of today. This has encouraged me to conduct research on one of the most important industries of the economy, Petrochemical industry. The petrochemical industry is critical to the success of any economy and therefore I got interested in analyzing and identifying how businesses in the petrochemical industry train its employees. Technology has influenced businesses and it has changed how businesses train its employees. Therefore I am interested in analyzing and comparing two of the most used training techniques in the petrochemical industry; On-Job Training And E-Learning. This research study aims to analyze the impact of training on the performance of employees in the petrochemical industry. Two important training techniques are analyzed; on-job training and e-learning. The report, therefore, analyzes whether on-job training and e-learning have a positive or a negative impact on the performance of employees in the p etrochemical industry. The report also analyzes which of the two techniques are more effective to enhance the performance of the employees in the petrochemical industry. The petrochemical industry has become highly competitive. It is believed success is dependent on three important factors in this competitive market and these factors are efficiency, quality, and product development. In the petrochemical industry, there are different types of reactants, toxic gas emissions, and other chemicals that have potential for toxic and are flammable. Therefore training of employees is significant in ensuring that health and safety measures are made and employees are safe. Training is helpful in improving the efficiency of the employees as well.

Molecular identity of nkcc cotransporter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Molecular identity of nkcc cotransporter - Essay Example This property is of special significance to the project as the emphasis of research is on the NKCC1 member, one that is known to have two isoforms – NKCC1a and NKCC1b. Of these NKCC1b is also known to be found in brain RNA (Gamba, 2005). It is noted here, though, that the two isoforms of the NKCC1 cotransporter is found only in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) as per research of Cutler and Cramb, 2002. Nevertheless, there is ample evidence that NKCC1, in human and other mammalian species, is functionally implicated in CNS cells. It is observed by Gamba, 2005, that the NKCC1 cotransporter is activated by receptors and assists in neurotransmission by driving anions into the cell. It is also observed by Strange et al, 2000, that the work of the NKCC1 cotransporter complements that of the KCC2 one. The choice of the culture medium, the neuronal-specific CAD cell line, and the somewhat CNS-specific NKCC1 dovetails perfectly for a research attempt that seeks to establish new fac ts on the molecular identity and other expression patterns of these unique electroneutral cotransporters in cells of the central nervous system (CNS). G. Gamba’s excellent 2005 review article on these cotransporters has been extensively used in this paper because it is the most comprehensive document prepared to date being inclusive of all aspects described so far. RT-PCR analysis was carried out on the murine neuronal cell line CAD on both differentiated and undifferentiated cells. Isolated RNA from both differentiated and undifferentiated cells was used. Annealing temperatures used were at C - C at 40 cycles for a maximum of one minute. Primers 10bp in length were used with a gc content above 50%, as recommended (Ribicki, 2001). Upon gel electrophoresis of all the products it was revealed that a ~286 bp bit, exactly as long as the PCR insert, was apparent in all the gels for both differentiated and undifferentiated cells at all PCR

The comparison of the U.S. justice system Against Iran's justice Research Paper

The comparison of the U.S. justice system Against Iran's justice system criminal and civil law - Research Paper Example The Islamic nation may pronounce a death sentence to a criminal that the court has found guilty of a crime punishable by execution. While several reasons that attest that American justice system is different from justice system in Iran, evidence show that justice system of these nations support execution of criminals. This essay compares of various aspect of criminal justice system applied in the United States and Iran. United States of America uses criminal laws for specific states to prosecute criminals or people who face trials on those states (Walker, 2011) while Iran uses it criminal laws defined by laws found in Islamic doctrines to prosecute criminals (Dehghan, 2011). The difference in this criminal justice system is the manner of execution of the laws. For instance, a trial conducted in Iran and United States would rely on evidenced adduced during trial but the sentence will differ according to the preferred sentence indicated in their criminal justice system. For instance, the trial of Iranian Movahedi who threw acid on the face of Ameneh Bahrami got an eye for the same sentence when Ameneh asked the court to apply Islamic law in executing its judgment against the person who assaulted her (Dehghan, 2011). The court granted her request and Movehedi faced the acid splash in his face to pay for the evils that he did. In contrast to the American system of criminal justice, Troy Davis a crimina l who murdered a police officer got a death sentence after twenty-two years after his arrest (Walker, 2011). The trial has attracted criticism from people who felt that Jurors made a mistake by not preferring hearing of the case afresh after lawyers of the Troy produced new submission refuting earlier sentence. The penalty awarded by the criminal justice system of United States contrast the penalty awarded by criminal justice system of Iran. The American constitution, which contains the bill of rights,

Molecular identity of nkcc cotransporter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Molecular identity of nkcc cotransporter - Essay Example This property is of special significance to the project as the emphasis of research is on the NKCC1 member, one that is known to have two isoforms – NKCC1a and NKCC1b. Of these NKCC1b is also known to be found in brain RNA (Gamba, 2005). It is noted here, though, that the two isoforms of the NKCC1 cotransporter is found only in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) as per research of Cutler and Cramb, 2002. Nevertheless, there is ample evidence that NKCC1, in human and other mammalian species, is functionally implicated in CNS cells. It is observed by Gamba, 2005, that the NKCC1 cotransporter is activated by receptors and assists in neurotransmission by driving anions into the cell. It is also observed by Strange et al, 2000, that the work of the NKCC1 cotransporter complements that of the KCC2 one. The choice of the culture medium, the neuronal-specific CAD cell line, and the somewhat CNS-specific NKCC1 dovetails perfectly for a research attempt that seeks to establish new fac ts on the molecular identity and other expression patterns of these unique electroneutral cotransporters in cells of the central nervous system (CNS). G. Gamba’s excellent 2005 review article on these cotransporters has been extensively used in this paper because it is the most comprehensive document prepared to date being inclusive of all aspects described so far. RT-PCR analysis was carried out on the murine neuronal cell line CAD on both differentiated and undifferentiated cells. Isolated RNA from both differentiated and undifferentiated cells was used. Annealing temperatures used were at C - C at 40 cycles for a maximum of one minute. Primers 10bp in length were used with a gc content above 50%, as recommended (Ribicki, 2001). Upon gel electrophoresis of all the products it was revealed that a ~286 bp bit, exactly as long as the PCR insert, was apparent in all the gels for both differentiated and undifferentiated cells at all PCR

Quiz 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Quiz 2 - Essay Example Within the White House workforce, there are numerous persons assuming distinct job titles. One of such job titles is that of the Press Secretary. A press secretary is among the most senior officials in the White House staff. Literally, a press secretary talks to the press (Shelley 52). Anyone assuming this title plays the role of a spokesperson. This means a press secretary tells the world of the president’s thoughts and reactions to domestic and international opinions. In addition, a press secretary delivers information about White House proceedings to the public. Permanent campaign is a term first coined by Patrick Caddell in 1976. In a letter written to President Carter, Caddell proposed a concept of continuing campaign as opposed to short term campaigns in politics. Consequently, the last three American presidents, including Obama, have stressed the concept of permanent campaign in their terms. Technically, permanent campaign refers to a situation where politicians initiate campaign projects as soon as an election is completed (Shelley 48). Instead of halting the campaign mood after an election, democrats and republicans engage in extended battle for democratic thinking. Consequently, permanent campaigns have caused a situation where political goals held by individuals and parties become active throughout the periods between election exercises. Admittedly, a president’s background is influential in shaping his executive tenure. Essentially, presidency is a public office with defined tasks. In order to display enhanced performance, office holders should possess the requisite experience in handling social, political and economic matters of the general public. In this context, an office holder’s background determines the level of expertise observed throughout a president’s

An Internal Analysis Of General Motors

An Internal Analysis Of General Motors General Motors is the international company; the global market share is estimated at 12.5 percent as of 2008 (General Motor, no date), therefore, base on the global market coverage, it can benefit from many regional countries, to allow better access to resources, talents and knowledge.. According to Boston Consulting Group, General Motors is one of the 25 most innovative companies in 2008, it arises from the concept cars like the electric Volt and a renewed focus on design. The workforce is value driven and understands the business mission and vision. 1.2 Intangible resources The intangible resources of the organization are its brand image and its reputation. General Motors has its strong reputation for innovation and new products in the automotives market. This means that customers will often associate the brand with new technology and products. 1.3 Core competencies General Motors core competencies including innovation. They constantly strive to deliver new and exciting products to the market, and human resources. General Motors have a well prepared knowledge and flexible workforce who is concentrated on reaching business goals. General Motors starts recommending vehicle installed OnStar satellite in case of an emergency or theft.(Onstar, no date) 2 Factors affecting the Automotive Industry (PESTEL Analysis) 2.1 Political The safer vehicle and the environment in the American market is not restricted at a great disadvantage. Government and authorities in the region made efforts to regulate, eventually start the implement and set the laws and regulation since the 1960s (L.S. Robertson, 2006) 2.2 Economic According the number of studies (Catherine Rampell, 2008), is the major user of steel, iron, lead, plastics, vinyl, rubber, aluminum, textiles, and computer chips. The study also mentioned that for each autoworker there are seven other jobs created in other industries. 2.3 Sociocultural The consumer automotive market, especially the vehicles market, used to be dominated by men but nowadays is not true. Marketing strategies are also focusing on emotions. The presence of women in the market shall turn out as fallback to cushion declining sales On the other hand, young consumers increase their spending power by working in a part-time job or by receiving larger allowance from their increasingly financially successful parents. 2.4 Technology the internet has a great impact on every industry in the anywhere and has also affect the automobile industry. According to the J.D. Power and associates 2006 New Autoshopper.com Study, 59% of the buyers referred to the internet before making their purchases and out of that 59%, 85% of the serious buyers visit the manufactures website before going to the dealer for a test drive. 2.5 Environmental On 30th November 2007, the business leaders of 150 global companies published a communiquà © to world leaders calling for a comprehensive, legally binding United Nations framework to tackle climate change. In fact, there is a programme in which WWF and businesses collaborate to show leadership in addressing climate change. 3. Porters Five Force Anaylsis 3.1 Threat of new entrants The threat of new entrants is relatively low. This is mainly due to the fact that it will cost a new company a lot of investment cost and know how to enter the automotive market. 3.2 Threat of substitute products Tthe coverage of destination is limited, besides, bus, metro, taxi are not products that can replace the vehicle. Therefore, the threat of substitute products is relatively low to moderate 3.3 Bargaining power of suppliers Due to the fact that suppliers are united, they are a very strong threat in the automotive market, nevertheless, the United Auto Worker, the only supplier of labor, has exerted a great deal of the leverage over the benefits and wages provided by the big three, therefore we can conclude that the bargaining power of supplier is strong. 3.4 Bargaining power of buyers As we look at consumer behavior when buying vehicles the conclusion can be made that their power is relatively low. Mainly the reason for this low power is because individual consumer has some power over price within a given dealership, but low power over manufacturers. 3.5 Competitive rivalry within the industry Due to the fact that there is a intense completion going on in the auto industry the rivalry within the automotive market is high. There are a lot of choice and intense competition in internet sales that can damage a company when they dont keep up with their competitors. See appendix 1 for more information. Summary Porters Five Forces Framework Porter (1980) http://dpj.typepad.co.uk/entrepreneur_zest/images/2008/03/26/porters_five_forces.gif 4. SWOT Analysis 4.1 Strengths 4.1.1 Large Market Share Although GMs market share in the US has declined, it still retains a competitive 21.5 percent in 2008. They also start to penetrate the Chinese customer automotives market and gain an increasing share. 4.1.2 Global Experience They have already been a global company for almost 100 years now and have established themselves as the global leader for most of them, they already have global experience. 4.1.3 Variety of Brand Names GM has been the automotive leader for the majority of the last century. The current GM brands included: Chevrolet, GMC, Cadillac, Buick, Pontiac, Saturn, Saab, Daewoo, Opel, and Holden. 4.1.4 GMAC Customer Financing Program Since its establishment in 1919 it has proven to be GMs most reliable way of revenue. 4.1.5 OnStar Satellite Technology This technology allows the vehicles to be tracked in the event of an emergency or theft, it also allows the driver or passengers the ability to communicate with OnStar personnel at the click of a button. 4.2 Weaknesses 4.2.1 Behind on Alternative Energy Movement The alternative hybrid trend has begun to take place in the automotive industry and GM has been one step behind the competition It is a reason that lead them to lose the market share. 4.2.2 Organizational Structure below standard We can see the organization structure above, it seems to be too vertically integrated. The shortcomings are that it is a lack of communication between employees from top to bottom and may have played a part in GM lag on the hybrid technology. 4.2.3Stagnant Profitability To review GMs profit we can see that they are struggling with respect to the size of the company. It is disappointed that shareholder would not happy about. 4.2.4 Too dependent on domestic market GM overly become dependent on the US market The competition will become tough if they only focus on just one country. 4.2.5 Too dependent on GMAC GM overly become dependent on its financing company. Maybe it is a very great advantage for GM, but they cannot rely on financing company for gain the profit, if they want to compete with competitors 4.2.6 Poor Credit Rating GMs credit status has been declining obviously. According to Standard Poors, they declared billion of dollars of debt owed by GM to be junk, it will increase borrowing costs and limit fund-raising options for them.(Sharon Silke Carty, 2005) 4.3 Opportunities 4.3.1 Alternative energy movement hybrid technology is giving to GM a opportunity to once again become the automotive industry leader in innovation and technology 4.3.2 Continuing to expand globally Recently, they found that there is a dramatically increase in China automotive market, that proves themselves to focus and emphasis on Chinese huge potential market. 4.3.3 Low interest rates It is a opportunity that they can gain immediate revenue in sales. 4.3.4 Develop new vehicle styles and models As you know the development of the vehicle model never be satisfied, GM should keep attempting the most popular model in the world. 4.4 Threats 4.4.1 Rising fuel prices GM the major business pieces is the sales of truck and SUV, but it is gradually declined because of the lack of fuel efficiency, for rising fuel prices this reason, 4.4.2 Growth of competitors Toyota gains the first mover advantage of hybrid system and become the leader of automotive industry, GM faces the reality they should develop more fuel efficiency vehicle and small car model. 4.4.3 Legacy cost GM provide a great welfare to their retired employees, so they need to experience it is a serious financial problem more and more retired employees begin to be benefited. 5 Key strategic issues firm face GM is facing several strategic issues. It will be shown by a number of aspects. The economic recession, Competition, and New entrants. 5.1 Economic Recession The economy of world is currently in the downturn, or even recession in which will impact a lot of industries and consumers in the world. As the economy slowing down, doing business may find it hard to increase the revenue because banks are not willing to lend money to companies, especially bad credit status companies. As a result, GM may suffer from decrease in sales of automotives. However, they may benefit from hybrid technology, since more people are buying new fuel efficiency car model if consumer intend to purchase a new car. 5.2 Competitor in automotive industry The competition between the main competitors for instance, Toyota, Honda, Ford, has expanded beyond that of the traditional energy car. These companies are now competing on value adding products, fuel efficiency, design and service of maintenance. In order to achieve competitive advantage companies try to merge or acquire other companies in gain experience and knowledge. 5.3 New entrants The fast moving and constantly changing industry gives opportunities to new entrants who have not previously specialized in the automotive market as technology can often be easily imitated. In addition an alliance formed by different companies, such as Magna and Sberbank, trying to seek a takeover of Opel and Vauxhall, parts of GM European division. There has also a growing number of new entrants in China due to relatively low investment costs. 6 Strategic Options The strategic options that GM might realistically pursue had been discussed as below such as product development, market development,, and market penetration as their strategic options. (Ansoff, 1987) 6.1 Product development Product development is a feasible option because it can be capable both in present and the prospect. This option is also suitable to GM since it is able to exploit the needs of customers. GM is facing the threats of too much competitors in the market and the improvement of technology is increasing rapidly. Doing more researches on GMs products and investigate and understanding more about the favour of customers are significant. To improve the quality of services in their technology should not be neglected in order to catch up the expect of consumers and the externally needs so the company can be enhanced and stable in the market. . Suitability: Due to the furious competition between the three consoles company, this strategy is very important. GM have to develop more innovative new products to catch up the pace of the technological advancement. This could ensure the company to gain a step ahead of its competitiors. The technology industry requires swiftness in developing new and innovative products. Feasibility: The research and development of the company is doing very well in the past few years. They had been rated the top 25 most innovative company in the world (businessweek, 2008). In skills term, they have talent in which had leaded and developed a lot of innovative ideas which attracted a lot of consumers from youths, adult and even elders!. Acceptability: Shareholders and stakeholders will agree wholly with GMs decision as technology investors, they realize that the technology development or innovation is very important to maintain themselves into the market. 6.2 Market penetration According to (Lynch, R., 2006), market penetration uses the existing range of products or services to attract potential customers or consumers from competitor to expand their own market share. It basically targets the existing customers in the present market of competitors and gain profit from it. The cost is lower, and the chance of attracting consumers is higher. GM uses price competitive advantage to deal with their competitors, which are Toyota, Honda, Fordà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦etc. When GM introduces their brand, it is priced lower than others significantly. GM offer lower prices than competitors and it attract competitors consumers to have an attempt on the product due to its low price Suitability: This strategy is suitable to be implemented because this allows GM to grab more market shares from their numerous of competitors in the US market, Feasibility: GM is capable to compete with competitors as they are financially competent with them. Since GM stated that they retain the GM Europe section because they posses good health of liquidity again. This also shows that GM is financially secured and there is no problem for them to compete with their competitors. Acceptability: Stakeholders of GM will accept the strategy as long it is profitable to the organization and to them. 6.3 Market development From this strategy options, it involves the strategy of introducing both new and existing products to their existing customers and not overlooking the new customers. From here, both new and existing customers have the options and more information about those products. From here, they would be introduce their product to both side. They would be able to saturated new opportunities for geographical spread, entering new segments or new users in the environment. Such a change will enable GM in better turnover at medium risk by exploiting current strength or market knowledge. (Lynch, R., 2006) Suitability: It is suitable in market development as they tend to target new groups of people, and other new geographic places. (Johnson, Scholes Whittington, 2008). GM try to targets elders, adult or basically all adult group. Feasibility: It is feasible for GM as they have enough resources to develop into the new market. According to the U.S. Treasury Department, they has received $1 billion repayment from GM. This shows that they totally have enough fund to research and develop proper strategy in order to venture into the new market or exploring into a new market segment. Acceptability: Stakeholders and shareholders would surely agree with this strategy as it gain profit for the company and stakeholders or shareholders themselves. Recommendation of Strategy options The best strategic option for GM in their current situation is to develop a new vehicle which is alternative energy SUV; this strategy would significantly lead to a growth in sales. In addition, GM can gain a new business partner from Canada-Russia consortium because of their contractual relationship and this would be a great competitive advantage for GM. By using this strategy, which is an external method, it can help GM to solve their problems quickly. An alliance with Magna-Sberbank will also benefit GM in terms of saving expenses on research for the small car technology. This will aid GM in solving the tribulations that they are facing. 7 Implementation Issues When GM wants to withdraw or retain Europe operation, some obstacles will appear. They are called implementation issues. These implementation issues will be discussed how Government involved in its decision making. 7.1 Russian Government German Gref, the Sberbank boss stated that he acquires GM Europe section to enter new markets abroad and confirmed it is a really low price to takeover Opel, it can get the permission to get its company technology. Sberbank is a famous creditors of automotive industry in Russia in which inform to turn around its carmaker industry. The Russian Trade and Industry Minister stated that if not the takeover, they will not good enough to develop the international car company Since the Russian government plans to acquire international technology, all of the international autos keep continue to build some facilities such as manufacturing plants in there to reach domestic market demand. The global companies can avoid Russian import taxes on autos, besides, they can benefit from the domestic low salaries. Nowadays, to sell the GM Europe, GM will struggle in the Russian market and GM technology. 7.2 US Government According to American negotiating circle, the US government is not welcomed to work with the Magna as long as Russian companies get extensive access to GM patents. As Magna keen to get access to all developments from the GM patent pool. US government concerns about not only car technology, they concern about Russian getting the military items. On the other hands, GM concerned that the consortium will use GM technology to contribute a potential threat of competitor to GM another brand in the Russian market. (Reuters, 2009) In addition, China Beijing automotive offer and promised job cut, and required financial support are much better than the other two, Magna also design Opel the best way for future development, but the GM is welcomed RHJ. According the analyst, GM expects to be able to make a comeback again in the future control of Opel, RHJ operation mode exactly GM wants, RHJ can give a hand to GM achieve a deep restructuring.(Wall street journal, 2009) 7.3 Germany Government According to Reuters(2009), the Germany Chancellor Merkel played an important role in the incident that Opel will be sold to Magna. Why? Because she takes the mission to save German unemployment rate, this is a political activity, she is preparing the coming election. How Merkel convinces Magna, allowed to retain as many jobs as Germany can be affordable? This is simple word money. The Germany Government wait for the European Commission approved a loan of 4.5 billion Euros to the Opel. Furthermore, the plants will not be closed in Germany, this seems very favorable for Merkel, and she is expected to easily win the election. On the other hands, it will damage their relationship if there is any failure of Russian involvement in Opel since Germany is apparently work well with Russia about trading. Besides, German election is almost can be said to the future destiny of the Opel that become a political hot potato. Government has invested a lot of money into the Opel, which is an economic decision making, but also the reason of political consideration. To unresolved Opel future, Merkel will be faced more political pressure. On the other hands, Germany government will not give any financial support to GM Europe section if GM remains it. It makes sense that Government will not help a outsider in which Germany has big three carmakers (Audi, BMW, Volkswagen),to survive its operation. As GM has already damaged the GM Europe section operation and put Opel on the transfer list. Germany cannot build any trust on GM, but by the way they have a good relationship with Russia as I mentioned above. Conclusion As a conclusion, GM sales have been affected by the economic downturn and in order to increase their sales the best option is to launch a alternative energy SUV. Besides that, GM wants to protect themselves on the market, and for this reason GM needs to be more innovative and be more sensitive to the current trends of the market. Knowing the needs of consumer will retain GMs position in the market as the worlds leading producer of mobile phone. 8. Reflective Statement on Leadership Leadership is defined as entails some degree of voluntarism in followship (Pardey, D., 2007). However, Kotter (1990) argues that leadership is about coping with the changes by giving direction. Kotters (1990) leadership framework states that the role of leadership is to set a direction, develop a vision of where the organization should be going and the strategy for change to achieve that vision. Leaders align people to the direction being set, communicating it to people and building commitment to it. Motivating and inspiring people so that they work to achieve the vision drawing on their needs, values and emotions. Our group were using democratic style of leadership where all of our members were involved in the decision making process. Ryan, our group leader discussed with all of us and decides which part we need to work on step by step. This helps a lot as we were very unclear about the direction were heading to. Communications In my group, there is some communication issues as the all four of us come from different country and background. Sometimes, there will be conflict of ideas and difficulty in presenting the ideas. We got delays in meeting because some of our group members were busy or there were some lack of communication as in setting up our meet up time got messed up and caused some group members turned up and some did not. I learnt that working in a group is not easy as it needs more effort to discuss and accomplish it. Responsibility We were each given task to search for the information from external analysis to internal analysis. All of our group mates were very responsible that they all searched for the information on their own part and some of them even helped to search for others part of work in detail. This helped our group to have the sufficient information for us to do our work. I learnt that without time management, everything would be in a total mess as we might have hand our assignment late. Problem solving We overcome our communication problem by spending more time during our meetings and we make sure everyone understand what are the things that we need to accomplish and understand what our group members were discussing during the meeting. I had learnt that developing a vision is important as it helps our group to do our work on time. Reference list Ansoff, H.I. (1987) Corporate Strategy Revised Edition. London: Penguin Books. BusinessWeek,(2008),The 50 Most Innovative Companies. [online] Available at: http://bwnt.businessweek.com/interactive_reports/innovative_companies/ (Access: 9th January 2010) Catherine Rampell, (2008), How many jobs depend on the big three?, Economix, [online] Available at http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/11/17/how-many-jobs-depend-on-the-big-three/ (Accessed: 9th January 2010) General Motors,(no date) GM Global Vehicle Sales and Market Share-2008,December [Online]. Available at http://www.gm.com/europe/corporate/sales/global/ (Accessed:9th January 2010) J.D.Power (2006), Research a car online[online] Available at: http://www.jdpower.com/autos/articles/research-a-car-online (Access:9th January 2010) Johnson, G., Scholes, K. Whittington, R. (2008) Exploring Corporate Strategy. 8th edn. England: Prentice Hall. Kotter, J. (1990) what leaders really do Harvard Business Review. L.S. Robertson, (2006), Motor Vehicle Dealth: Failed Policy Analysis and Neglected Policy, Vol. 27,p. 182-189, Journal of Public Health Policy Lynch, R. (2006) Corporate Strategy. 4th edn. Essex : Pearson. Pardey, D.(2007) Introducing Leadership. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Onstar,(no date) [online] Available at: http://www.onstar.com/us_english/jsp/index.jsp (Access:9th January 2010) Reuters (2009) GMs U-turn on Opel sale angers Germany Russia. Available at: http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE5a25RL20091104 (Accessed:: 5/01/2009) Sharon Silke Carty, (2005) SP cut GM, Ford debt rating to junk status, [online] Available at http://www.usatoday.com/money/autos/2005-05-05-gm-junk_x.htm ,USA Today(Accessed:9th January 2010) Vincent J. Galifi. (2009) Magna Confirms Offer for Opel, [Online]. Available at: http://www.magna.com/magna/de/media/pressreleases/?i=218 (Accessed:5/01/2010) Vincent J. Galifi. (2009) MAGNA AND SBERBANK OFFER SELECTED AS THE PREFERRED SOLUTION FOR OPEL [Online]. Available at: http://www.sbrf.ru/en/news/index.php?id114=11000080 (Accessed:5/01/2010) Wall Street Journal (2009) RHJ improve the terms of its bid for GMs Opel.[Online]. Available at:http://online.wsj.com/article/SB125182274337876583.html

Discuss the Role of the Inspector in An Inspector Calls Essay -- An In

Birlings, he controls the development of events: who will speak and when; who may or may not leave; who will or will not see the photograph. He even Priestley describes the Inspector, when he first appears on stage, in terms of 'massiveness, solidity and purposefulness' (p.11), symbolizing the fact that he is an unstoppable force within the play. His 'disconcerting habit of looking hard at the person he addresses before speaking' (p.11) gives the impression that he sees through surface appearances to the real person beneath. It also gives him a thoughtfulness that contrasts with the thoughtlessness of each character's treatment of the girl. His role in the play is not simply to confront each character with the truth, but to force each character to admit the truth they already know. He works methodically through the characters present one at a time, partly because he recognizes that 'otherwise, there's a muddle' (p.12), and partly because, given the chance, the characters are all quick to defend each other, or to call upon outside help (such as Colonel Roberts) in order to avoid accepting the truth of what he suggests. He arrives just after Birling has been setting out his views of life: that every man must only look out for himself. The Inspector's rule is to show that this is not the case. Throughout the play he demonstrates how people are responsible for how they affect the lives of others; his views are summed up in his visionary and dramatic final speech: that 'we are members of one body. We are responsible for each other' (p.56). Responsibility is one of the play's two key themes, and the Inspector is Priestley's vehicle for putting across his own views of this as a socialist. In this final speec... ...led as both an alcoholic and a thief. After the Inspector has gone, Birling simply wants things to return to the way they were. He cannot understand Sheila's and Eric's insistence that there is something to be learnt, and he is relieved and triumphant when he feels that scandal has been avoided and everything is all right. Right up until the end, he claims that 'there's every excuse for what both your mother and I did - it turned out unfortunately, that's all' (p.57). Birling is not the cold and narrow-minded person that his wife is; he simply believes in what he says. He is a limited man, who is shown to be wrong about many things in the play; it is the Birlings of the world whom Priestley feared - in 1945 - would not be willing or able to learn the lessons of the past, and so it is to the younger generation that Priestley hopefully looked instead...

Fate and the Deaths of Romeo and Juliet in William Shakespeares Play E

Fate and the Deaths of Romeo and Juliet in William Shakespeare's Play Before judging to what extent Fate was responsible for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet, we must first answer the question: what is fate? According to the Oxford English Dictionary, fate is the 'inevitable destiny or necessity destined term of life; doom.' On a more basic level, fate can be described as a preplanned sequence of events influencing one's life. In Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, is it true to say that Fate was the sole contributor to the deaths of the young couple, or was their demise brought about by the mistakes of others? In the modern world, most people choose to believe that they have a sense of responsibility and can control their own lives. They suppose that their problems are caused by the actions of themselves or those influencing them. From one viewpoint, it is true to say that the deaths of Romeo and Juliet were caused by the mistakes made by themselves and others: the influence of fate was almost nonexistent. Four characters in the play intensely manipulate the tragic path of the young couple: (apart from Romeo and Juliet themselves) Mercutio, the Nurse, Tybalt and the Friar. Mercutio, one of Romeo's friends and a supporter of the Montague household, changed the course of events by encouraging Romeo to go the Capulet's masquerade and duelling with Tybalt in town. If Mercutio had not encouraged Romeo to go to the Capulet's dance, the couple would never have met and their deaths would have been averted. But was Romeo destined to meet Juliet, regardless of the actions of others? If Mercutio had not taunted Tybalt in town whilst out with Ro... ...tement does not make Juliet feel any better however, as she promptly commits suicide! Shakespeare again chooses to place the blame on a higher power rather than an individual, signifying his desire to make the audience believe that no one person or thing was responsible for the deaths of the young couple but fate. After looking at the two viewpoints as to who was to blame for the deaths of the young couple, the countless references to fortune and fate make it easy to conclude that Fate was to a great extent responsible. It seems apparent that Shakespeare meant for his audience to interpret the happenings of the play as influenced by some higher power, and if fate really does control everything about our lives then it would be sensible to assume that the actions of all the characters in the play were also fated.

Sive

Sive – The abuse of power Power and the abuse of power is a central theme in Sive. The text examines the way in which empowerment can corrupt certain individuals and become a destructive factor in families and in relationships. Mena uses her powers of persuasion and her position in the family unit to satisfy her own ends and ambitions. Mena’s attitude to Sive’s education is one of begrudgery and resentment. Mena abuses her position in the family. She is empowered by her man who is easily manipulated and overcome.Mike Glavin does not have the ability to thwart the wills of his respected wife. A further abuse of her power can be seen in each text in the way Mena try’s to break up a positive relationship. Mena keeps Sive a prisoner in the house and lies to her concerning Liam Scuab’s feelings about her proposed marriage. What we observe here is a woman who seeks to control and manipulate a young person in order to suit her own agenda. The text provides a serious and devastating example of woman abusing psychological power by revealing secrets about fathers to control and influence Sive.She believes that she has succeeded and enjoys a temporary triumph. Thomasheen Rua is another example of an individual who holds tremendous power and sway over the live of others. He has a nasty streak and exploit others for his on ends. Thomasheen’s threats to Nanna engage in abuse and personal insults, which gives him an over-arching sense of his own power a sadistic streak can be observed in Thomasheen. The former enjoys talking about the County Home to terrify Nanna.Mena’s controlling manipulative behaviour has a destructive effect on the family relationships and creates a toxic atmosphere in the household. Mena has strong abjections to Sive getting an education. Mena is more motivated by jealousy and spite. On the opening of the play, â€Å"Out working with a farmer you should be instead of getting your head filled with high not ions†. Her resentment is palpable when she complains about how she has to work herself to â€Å" the marrow of the bones to give you schooling†. At this point of the play Mena does not have power to prevent Sive attending school.This power comes later when she is considering the possibility of marrying Sive off to Sean Dota. Mena uses her power over Mike Glavin to convince him that Sive should abandon her education. She asks him contemptuously if he is â€Å"forgetting the money† they will get if they manage to marry Sive to Sean Dota and wonders if â€Å" There is a soft bone somewhere in your head man†. Mike’s comment that â€Å"Sive is young with a brain by her† is ignored while Mena goes on to play on his fears that Liam Scuab is meeting Sive secretly.She exploits the hatred Mike has for Liam by deciding that Sive will not go to school again but remain under Mena’s supervision in the house â€Å" there’s one easy way to sto p that sort of thing and that is to move Sive into the west room where I can keep my eye on her and her only mean of coming and going will be through our bedroom†. Having manipulated Mike later flings Sive’s schoolbag across the room and shouts at her that there â€Å"will be no more school for you†. Using her power over both Mike and Sive Mena succeeds with her plan. Mike has no option but to comply and inform the nuns that Sive will not be attending school again.In this text we see women abusing their power over weaker men to satisfy their own selfish plans. Mena manages to separate Sive from Liam Scuab. Mena keeps Sive a prisoner in her own home. She lied to Liam Scuab as to Sive’s whereabouts she attacks him even threatening him with a knife screaming â€Å" I’ll open you! I’ll open you if you vex me more† Twisting the truth of Liam’s intentions in an effort to finally break Sive’s spirit she tells her that Liam calle d to the house to wish her well in her marriage and that he was â€Å" going away to foreign places†.Mena has no respect for the grief her actions cause others and thinks only of herself. A key scene in Sive depicts a revelation concerning the identity of Sive’s father. Mena previously uses secret information to manipulate and gain a powerful advantage over Sive. When Sive says to Mena that she doesn’t want to marry Sean Dota Mena manipulates the situation by telling Sive that her â€Å"was never a father, he had no name, you have no name† Sive is shocked and is left speechless. There’s some truth to Mena’s story but so much of what Mena says is twisted.If Sive feels the same shame as her mother because she is â€Å"a bye-child, a common bye-child a bastard† Mena will succeed in breaking her down making her compliant. Thomasheen Rua is another example of an person who misuses the power of persuasion for self-gain. He’s the cent re of a battle to ensure the Sive marries Sean Dota and he thrives on bulling and abusing those who put forward any obstacle in his desired end. Thomasheen thinks he is hard done by â€Å"making love between people I spend my days and no thanks for it†. He is capable of welding power through sarcastic comments .Thomasheen abuses and threatens Nanna who has to defend Sive. He callously tells her that she is â€Å"a lone woman with you husband feeding worms in his trench. You have terrible gumption with no one left to back you† he engages in threats by referring to the â€Å" the county home staring you in the face†. At that time many old people lived in fear of ending their days in such a place. His words have the desired effect as Nanna seems to withdraw from the attack. He has no hesitation in encouraging Mena to assert her power over Sive by threatening her with violence if she refuses to marry Sean Dota â€Å"isn’t she a bye-child.Tell her you will be ll-rag her through the parish if she goes against you. Tell her you will hunt the oul’ woman into the county home†. Later he turns on Mike mocking his naivety concerning the love letter from Liam Scuab â€Å" it comes to me that you are the greatest lump of a fool, of an eejit in the seven parishes†. Humiliation is his trump card â€Å" if you ever get out of the bog there is an asylum for lunatics where you could put down a bit of time without doing yourself any harm†.Sive chooses death as her only method of refusing to obey those who like to control her. Sive thinking that Liam has left her and that her position is hopeless escapes from her tormentors by drowning herself in a bog-hole. Sive disempowers her tomentors by committing suicide in the bog rather than agreeing to marry Sean Dota. This character chooses death to make a stand against those who abuse power for their own private often fully acknowledged reasons. Her suicide brings the play to a poig nant close and illustrates the destruction caused by a greedy abuse of power

English Proficiency Conclusion

Conclusions On the basis of the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn: 1. A great majority of the respondents are male, graduates of public high schools, and pursuing the degree program Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering (BSCE). 2. When the respondents are grouped according to the variable gender, their overall level of proficiency in the four English grammar skills is Poorly Proficient.When they are grouped according to the variable type of high school attended, their overall level of proficiency in the four English grammar skills is Poorly Proficient. When the respondents are grouped according to the variable degree program, their overall level of proficiency in the four English grammar skills is Poorly Proficient. 3. The respondents do not differ significantly in their skills in asking questions and in responding to questions when they are grouped according to the variable gender.In other words, the male respondents’ ability to ask questions and to respond to questions does not differ from that of the female respondents’ ability to perform the same grammar skills. On the other hand, the respondents differ significantly in their skills in combining sentences and in expanding sentences when they are grouped according to the variable gender. That is, the male respondents’ ability to combine sentences and to expand sentences differs from that of the female respondents’ ability to perform said grammar skills.As to the variable type of high school attended, the respondents do not differ significantly in their skills in asking questions, in responding to questions, in combining sentences, and in expanding sentences. That is, the private high school graduates’ ability to ask questions, to respond to questions, to combine sentences, and to expand sentences do not differ from that of the public high school graduates’ ability to perform said grammar skills.When the respondents are grouped according t o their respective degree programs/sections, they differ significantly in their skills in asking questions, in combining sentences, and in expanding sentences but there is no significant difference in their skills in responding to questions. In other words, the respondents from each of the three sections differ from each other in their ability to perform said grammar skills.

Intercultural Competence

10th May 2011, London: Following several incidents involving the police and members of the public of different cultures, religions and beliefs the country has decided to educate the police force and publish a handbook that is designed to give officers a better understanding of the needs and expectations of the people in the area. This handbook will relate to everyone from asylum seekers and ethnic minorities to travelers, homosexuals and people with disabilities. The councils Head Officer in Diversity issues said, â€Å"It is crucial that the police in Britain understand and are aware of the different cultures involved in the community that they serve in order to improve the service and trust for the people we are protecting†. One incident that caused a lot of media attention to the way that the British police force handles multicultural and diverse members of the public occurred last year in Essex County when a Muslim woman was arrested and the police officer proceeded to search her for concealed weapons. For Muslim women this is very disrespectful to be searched by a man, who later requested that she remove her headscarf so that he could see her properly. It is incidents like this that are completely cruel to someone with different beliefs than the police officer. After the media had heard about the way this individual was mistreated the police officer involved said, â€Å"I had no idea that I was disrespecting her religion or her beliefs and I would have never acted in that manner if I was aware of the vast differences†. This is why the need for a handbook and more cultural education for the police is necessary to run a more effective police service. Another incident that backs up this handbook was the documentary filmed by the BBC called ‘The Secret Policeman’ (2003) which investigated the police force in Manchester and the large amount of racism displayed during the show, typically referring to Muslim and Middle-Eastern members of the public as ‘Pakis’. The documentary shows another side of the police that Britain was not aware of, and a particular Junior Officer said a shocking statement, â€Å"A dog born in a barn is still a dog. A Paki born in England is still a F****** Paki†. The documentary caused an uproar and the police were forced to take action as the public was no longer comfortable being monitored by such people. The journalist responsible for covering the story; Mark Daly personally went undercover in the Manchester police force and recorded racist behavior with hidden cameras. Five years later (2008), Daly went back to the police and collected surveys from multicultural members of the force to see if the racism issue had improved, what he discovered yet again was severely disappointing, â€Å"this person in particular says he is treated as a slave purely because he is Black†. Other issues came up such as never being promoted based on race, being treated worse than in the 60’s, and that more than 72% of all police officers in Britain had experienced racism at work. The Secret Policeman’ had hours of disgraceful police behavior recorded and really caused the public to be aware of who they are being served by, leading to a huge loss of trust and respect for the entire police force in Britain. This alone was a potentially dangerous situation for the crime rate in the UK. Not only were the police in the UK acting in a racist manner towards members of the public but also towards other police officers. According to the documentary, each police department in the UK has a required percentage of ethnic minorities that should be involved in the force, however this percentage was not met by any of the police departments. Another survey shows that 50% of Ethnic Minorities that join the police force last less than 6 months, compared to 85% of white officers. The racism occurring amongst the police force members was shown to be very severe and involved extreme racist references to the Ku Klux Klan. This type of discrimination towards anyone is truly unacceptable and only proves how much the police truly require some further training in respecting, understanding and dealing with cultural differences. The entire country could benefit from a handbook on intercultural sensitivity, as it would create a much better environment for every community in Britain. The BBC documentary ‘The Secret Policeman’ (2003) explores racism in the police force, however there is still a large amount of racism amongst the general public. This was proven from another documentary also conducted by the BBC ‘Racism in Multicultural Britain’ (2009) where a Middle-Eastern couple went undercover in a housing estate in Bristol. They were targeted by the youth of the estate and were constantly discriminated against for being Muslim and an ethnic minority in the community. They were not only verbally abused but also physically from having rocks and punches thrown at them for no good reason but being different. As the United Kingdom continues to attract immigrants due to the better opportunities for education and employment the police force needs to adapt. This handbook hopefully symbolizes the acknowledgement for this change and will lead to the entire country becoming more interculturally competent. As more and more people in and outside Britain become aware of the racist issues in the country there will be more action taken to help communities accept and respect other ethnic groups. In the future, discrimination should be eradicated and no longer accepted in British culture. References: ‘The Secret Police man’ (2003, October 24). Racism In U K Police Force. YouTube . Retrieved May 14, 2011, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J_GWy82olhw&feature=related ‘Racism in Multicultural Britain’. (2009, October 21). Racism in Multicultural Britain. YouTube. Retrieved May 14, 2011, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y8e6lS7T9yI