Kao Corporation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Kao Corporation - Case Study Example The older women consider the ease of use of diapers as a means of escape for the young mothers from working hard for their children (Kao Corporation 4). They consider the use of old clothes worn by the mothers as cloth diapers as a method of bonding between the mothers and the babies (Kao Corporation 3). This is especially true of the rural areas where, due to the joint family system, the older generation of women are actively involved in decision making concerning the younger couples (Kao Corporation 4). The fathers, on the other hand, are not involved with baby care as much as the ladies (Kao Corporation 4). Most of the diaper use is limited to the big metropolitan areas of Japan, like Tokyo (Kao Corporation 4); however, even in such markets, only fifteen percent of the potential households use disposable diapers (Kao Corporation 4). Other reasons of decreased use include the low quality of the diapers which can cause rash, high prices, cumbersome packaging requiring a lot of stora ge space, and diaper misfits with regard to baby size (Kao Corporation 5). When P & G launched their diaper brand, Pampers, in Japan in 1977, they faced several challenges and problems in marketing and sales, although still securing the majority of the market shares for diapers (Kao Corporation 1). The initial product quality of the Pampers was low, as they leaked and were not absorbent enough (Kao Corporation 5). This resulted in skin rash to the babies (Kao Corporation 5). Another reason for leaking was the inappropriate size of the diapers as compared to baby size, the size of the Pampers being often larger than was suitable, so that it was unable to fit, and so leaked (Kao

SCHINDLER'S LIST (1993) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

SCHINDLER'S LIST (1993) - Essay Example During the time of this movie Jews were being relocated to ghettos and concentration camps during this period. Ghettos were fenced in areas, normally in the rundown section of the Jewish part of town. These ghettos were crowded, dirty due to no running water, and had no food except what was smuggled or rationed. All Jewish property, except for a bag or two was confiscated in the name of the German Third Reich. Businesses, houses, properties, bicycles, radios, money, jewelry, and all other assets had to be turned over, or face the penalty of death. Corruption was normal when dealing with confiscated Jewish property. This was the setting for Schindler and his Jews. The movie begins with a family celebrating Shabbat by lighting candles in color. Then fades to black and white showing Schindler (Liam Neeson) setting in a room with other SS and their dates. Schindler, being a German civilian, came to Crackow, Poland in order to become a war profiteer. As a card carrying NAZI, Schindler was allowed to open a business sponsored by the German Army. The only problem was Schindler did not know how to run a business. Itzhak Stern (Ben Kingsly) comes to his rescue by taking over business tasks after helping finance Schindler’s business through connections in the ghetto. The Jews did not want to turn their gold and possessions over to the SS and never receive anything back. By giving Schindler gold, the Jews gained a place to work and a promise of better rations. Schindler opened a mess kit factory for the Wehrmacht. Itzhak Stern tried to forge as many papers for fellow Jews to be essential to the German war machine. Jews deemed essential were spared from deportation to Auschwitz. Schindler and his employees felt that maybe the factory would help survive until the Russians made it to Krakow. This might have been the case, but Amon goeth (Ralph Fiennes) arrived to build the Plaszow Concentration Camp.

What events in Juliets life shape Essay Example for Free

What events in Juliets life shape Essay What events in Juliets life shape this change in her personality, and how does her language reflect this change? At the age of fourteen Juliet was a young and nai ve innocent girl. However, during the play she matures emotionally and broadens her ideas and her way of thinking. This vast and rapid change was a consequence of her relationship with Romeo and there are many ideas in the play which illustrate these points but it is through her language that we can see these changes. The prologue gives an outline of what is yet to come and explores these ideas using metaphors and many linguistic devices. From ancient grudge break new mutiny, where civil blood makes civil hands unclean. This shows the audience the basis of the story. Each line skips to a different event such as And the continuance of their parents rage, which but their childrens end nought could remove. This suggests that each event happens quickly through-out the play, showing changing events happen in a short period of time. The use of the word children suggests that Romeo and Juliet are very young and irresponsible, thus requiring the events to be fast to emphasise some of the irrational decisions. The secrets of the play are revealed in the prologue yet it also gives many hidden depths. The which if you with patient ears attend, what here shall miss, our toil shall strive to mend. These are left for the audience to ponder on and to await the two hour traffic of our stage . From the play we see that Juliets responses and actions to others around her moulds her character. Juliet changes her approach to her mother in the play. In her first appearance Juliet is found talking to her mother and nurse; however, even though Lady Capulet called upon her daughter, she directs her speech towards the nurse as though Juliet is not there. We must talk in secret. Nurse come back again- Act 1 Scene 3, line 9. This indirect speech between Juliet and her mother shows that there is a distance between them and this is also shown further on into the play as the nurse becomes even closer than before to Juliet. Her mother brought up the topic of Juliets appearance to lead on to the topic of marriage. Never the less Juliet, with a formal approach, expresses that she is not yet longing for marriage. It is an honour that I dream not of (Act 1, scene 3, Line 66) While talking Lady Capulet asks the nurse if Juliet is at a pretty age. This comment shows that Lady Capulet is not sure how old Juliet is but thinks she is old enough for marriage. The nurse responds telling the mother Juliets exact age. This response by the nurse shows that the nurse is close to Juliet and in this scene the Nurse appears as a motherly figure towards young Juliet. In this scene Lady Capulet uses her authority and use of rhetorical questions win the agreement. This powerful status shows how the mother can also manipulate young Juliet towards her way of thinking. In Act 1 Scene 3 Juliet uses sly language skills to tell her mother that she is willing to do as her mother requires; without herself getting to involved. I look to like, if looking liking move; but no more deep will I endart mine eye. On the other hand Juliets acceptance of this proposal, made by the mother, shows that Juliet is young and innocent and does as her mother requires. In Act 1 Scene 5 Juliets fate is set as she is suddenly engaged into a profound moment with Romeo at the house of the Capulet where there is a ball. The couple begin to use language in a way of expressing their love to one and other. The couple use metaphors and symbolic meanings to express this as such For saints have hands that pilgrims hands to touch, and palm to palm is holy palmers kiss. During this conversation they express their language through a sonnet, which is uncannily a lovers poem. The lines are split between the two which shows that both of them are involved in this love, unlike when Romeo unrequited love for Rosaline. Using metaphors is a romantic linguistic device that is personal to the couple throughout the play. When Romeo talks to Juliet, he talks about the situation being both holy and special. O then dear saint, let lips do what hands do ; they pray, grant thou, lest faith turn to despair. This religious imagery tries to portray Romeos love as sincere and devoted, like those of Religious followers. Romeo also uses more metaphors and tells Juliet that they too are like pilgrims on a religious Journey. My lips, two blushing pilgrims ready stand to smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss. I believe that Romeo is attempting to say that both of them are like two pilgrims on a journey searching for something they both believe in. However, in this case I believe Romeo is talking about love, which is what they are searching for. This is when Juliet becomes more confident in answering and using her own initiative, rather than following examples set by her elders. Let lips do what hands do, they pray . This expresses her confidence more thoroughly and shows an overpowering Juliet standing upon her own two feet. In Act 1 Scene 5 lines 127-140 Juliet begins to experience some disappointmentas she finds out Romeo is a dreaded Montague. My only love sprung from my only hate, too early seen to known, and known too late. This shows gradual maturity as she accepts that it is too late now she is involved and her feelings cannot change towards Romeo. And that bonding she has with him is too strong too let go. Acceptance is present here as now she realises that as she has accepted her decision she must be held responsible for those actions she wishes to take. Further action is taken as she is met by Romeo in the Orchard in Act 2 Scene 2. This scene is also known as The balcony scene as the use of the balcony symbolises many meanings and expresses a production of love. The use of status and power is used here and the symbolic religious meanings appear once again. Romeo announces to Juliet O speak again bright angel In this scene Romeo is looking up to Juliet as the midnight light id upon her, illuminating her as if she was an angel. Juliet is also placed above Romeo and this symbolises how she is above him as though she is in heaven and he, in hell. In the theatre the balcony would also be placed up high and Romeo would be among the audience; and the audience would also be able to relate her to a high status symbol, such as an angel. In this scene costume would also be appropriate here and the use of the colour white worn upon Juliet would support many ideas of her angel figure. It is interesting that in Baz Luhurmanns interpretation of Romeo and Juliet Luhurmann clothes Juliet in an angel costume at their first meeting. Another drastic point in Juliets life is when she soon begins to take risks for the one she loves to show her commitment and love for him. In the evening she returns to her balcony and begins to go over what has just happened and confesses her love for Romeo to the midnight sky. Deny thy father and reuse thy name, Or if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love Act 2 Scene 2 Lines 39-40. However, Romeo, overhearing, appears before her and tells her that he too feels the same. Call me but love, and Ill be new baptised. Her feelings here over take her logical thinking and in this state of excitement she defies how her parents would let her speak towards another man, since she is promised to Paris. Even though moments before she found out that Romeo is a Montague, the only son of her deepest hate and knows this will cause a dramatic fiasco between her and her father. Beforehand the audience can see that she would never look further than her mother desires but yet her mother does not know of what took place at the balcony. By and by I come lines 152-153. This suggests that Juliet knows that what she is doing is wrong, therefore leaving the manipulating Juliet behind. Juliets feelings for Romeo soon become more extreme and he asks her to marry him. Though Juliet agrees she is disobeying her parents and marrying a Montague, as there is still an arrangement for her to marry Paris. During this time Juliets personality has changed, only slightly but dramatically enough that she has begun to shape her life by her choice, showing development in maturity. Juliets emotional change throughout the play tends to jump from ecstatic to almost suicidal. As a young girl Juliet has depended upon her nurse. During the play the nurse defies Romeo and Juliet. She tells young Juliet that she should marry Paris leaving Juliet no-one to turn to who could understood how she felt. Juliet was left alone to make decisions that no teenager could possibly do. This abandoned feeling caused Juliet to feel alone and drastic feelings soon led to drastic measures. I believe that if Juliet had continued with her life she would have overcome over her love for Romeo. Her love for him seems more of a romantic attraction towards him. The treacherous options made his love more inviting and the uninviting parental consent just adds to the temptations, and as that wanting was wanting what you cant have it made that lust so much stronger. I believe that if her parents approved of Romeo, she would never have been so much in love as she claims. On the other hand, this part of her life also helped her to mature as a person but maybe that maturity should not have been the cost of their ghastly deaths.

Unitary matrix

Unitary matrix INTRODUCTION Unitary matrix In mathematics, a unitary matrix is an n by n complex matrix U satisfying the condition where , is the identity matrix in n dimensions and , is the conjugate transpose (also called the Hermitian adjoint) of U. Note this condition says that a matrix U is unitary if and only if it has an inverse which is equal to its conjugate transpose A unitary matrix in which all entries are real is an orthogonal matrix. Just as an orthogonal matrix G preserves the (real) inner product of two real vectors, so also a unitary matrix U satisfies for all complex vectors x and y, where stands now for the standard inner product on If is an n by n matrix then the following are all equivalent conditions: is unitary is unitary the columns of form an orthonormal basis of with respect to this inner product the rows of form an orthonormal basis of with respect to this inner product is an isometry with respect to the norm from this inner product U is a normal matrix with eigenvalues lying on the unit circle. A square matrix is a unitary matrix if where denotes the conjugate transpose and is the matrix inverse. For example, is a unitary matrix. Unitary matrices leave the length of a complex vector unchanged. For real matrices, unitary is the same as orthogonal. In fact, there are some similarities between orthogonal matrices and unitary matrices. The rows of a unitary matrix are a unitary basis. That is, each row has length one, and their Hermitian inner product is zero. Similarly, the columns are also a unitary basis. In fact, given any unitary basis, the matrix whose rows are that basis is a unitary matrix. It is automatically the case that the columns are another unitary basis. The definition of a unitary matrix guarantees that where is the identity matrix. In particular, a unitary matrix is always invertible, and . Note that transpose is a much simpler computation than inverse. A similarity transformation of a Hermitian matrix with a unitary matrix gives Unitary matrices are normal matrices. If is a unitary matrix, then the permanen The unitary matrices are precisely those matrices which preserve the Hermitian inner product Also, the norm of the determinant of is . Unlike the orthogonal matrices, the unitary matrices are connected. If then is a special unitary matrix. The product of two unitary matrices is another unitary matrix. The inverse of a unitary matrix is another unitary matrix, and identity matrices are unitary. Hence the set of unitary matrices form a group, called the unitary group. Properties Of unitary matrix All unitary matrices are normal, and the spectral theorem therefore applies to them. Thus every unitary matrix U has a decomposition of the form Where V is unitary, and ÃŽ £ is diagonal and unitary. That is, a unitary matrix is diagonalizable by a unitary matrix. For any unitary matrix U, the following hold: U is invertible. | det (U) | = 1. is unitary. U preserves length U has complex eigenvalues of modulus 1. It follows from the isometry property that all eigenvalues of a unitary matrix are complex numbers of absolute value 1 (i.e., they lie on the unit circle centered at 0 in the complex plane). For any n, the set of all n by n unitary matrices with matrix multiplication forms a group. Any matrix is the average of two unitary matrices. As a consequence, every matrix M is a linear combination of two unitary matrices (depending on M, of course). Unitary group In mathematics, the unitary group of degree n, denoted U(n), is the group of nÃâ€"n unitary matrices, with the group operation that of matrix multiplication. The unitary group is a subgroup of the general linear group GL (n, C). In the simple case n = 1, the group U(1) corresponds to the circle group, consisting of all complex numbers with absolute value 1 under multiplication. All the unitary groups contain copies of this group. The unitary group U(n) is a real Lie group of dimension n2. The Lie algebra of U(n) consists of complex nÃâ€"n skew-Hermitian matrices, with the Lie bracket given by the commutator. The general unitary group (also called the group of unitary similitude) consists of all matrices A such that A * A is a nonzero multiple of the identity matrix, and is just the product of the unitary group with the group of all positive multiples of the identity matrix.

Life in Terry Kays To Dance With the White Dog Essay -- To Dance With

Life in Terry Kay's To Dance With the White Dog      Ã‚   The voice of Terry Kay relays to his readers a story of life through death in this short novel, To Dance With the White Dog. This novelist writes the story of an elderly man, recently widowed and dealing with everyday occurrences while also battling the inevitable effects of old age. Sam Peek, the elderly main character, tends to get fed up with his overprotective family. During this, Peek begins seeing a white dog that no one else seems to be able to see. Although Peek's family thinks he's losing his mind, in the end the dog turns out to be very real and even seems to everyone as if it were sent there just to take care of the old man.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Throughout this novel, journal entries written by Sam Peek appear for the readers in order for us to get a closer look on exactly who Peek is. Deep emotions for his late wife and son, struggles in his life, his thoughts about White Dog, old memories and events from his past, and opinions about each of his children and himself appear through these entries. The touch...

Mission of God Essay -- The Bible, Genesis

Mission of God When one comes across the question â€Å"Who is God for them?† they could present a lot of definitions on what they think God is. To some, they would revere God as the Supreme Being that has created the whole universe in seven days. Some would note that He is the Loving, Caring, Sympathetic and Ever-Forgiving God that watches over us and guides us away from the darkness of our hearts. Many would state that He is the only Divine Being that everyone must obey and worship. This answer many vary if one comes from another religion, but all would agree that this God is a very special being that connects each and every one of us. But if one is asked the question â€Å"What do you think is God’s Personal Mission to us and to the world?† the answers may be unclear and even not be answered at all. This paper would try to answer this particular question by identifying and discussing the Mission of God through the passages in the Old and New Testament and the themes corresp onding to this Mission. This paper would also discuss the implications of the Mission of God to the contemporary Australian Church as an example of discussing the effects it has on the teachings of the Church. According to Jennings (2003), the mission of God can be traced from the first book of the Old Testament; the Book of Genesis. In summary, the first book tells readers how God began to create the world and the lives of the first humans He has watched, tested and protected. But looking closely in the first few chapters of the book, God presented his plans and mission for the world he has created in the first eleven chapters of this particular book. Jennings cited that God’s love is concentrated to His creations, especially in man; specifying his mission that He... ...rst travels after the time of Christ and how he came across the will of God and His mission. Most leaders in Jerusalem question the Gentiles and why they are accepted in the Church. But James, another disciple of Christ, remembered Jesus’s teachings from the books of Law, Prophets and Psalms from the Old Testament and prevented a massive argument from brewing between the Jews and Gentiles. Both authors speculate on how James got to remember this particular teaching of Christ but they both agree that James noted that the Word of God in form of the Gospel is not meant just for Jews but also for the Gentiles and other races that flock God’s church. (Wills, 1979) ; (Peters, 1972) Now that the mission of God is properly outlined in both the Old and New Testaments of the Bible, what are its implications upon the different churches that studied and valued its teachings?

Case Analysis Stevens V Brodribb Sawmilling Co Pty Ltd Essay

Introduction The Classification between an independent contractor and employee has raised a number of issues throughout the past 50 years. Failing to create an effective formality to be applied by the courts to any particular case, it has lead to commercial uncertainty through Australia. This essay will analysis Stevens V Brodribb Sawmilling Co Pty Ltd (1986) 160 CLR 16 decision regarding the high court process in distinguishing between whether there was an relationship between the employer of employer/employee or employer/independent contractor. Facts While working for Brodribb Sawmilling Co, Stevens and Gray were employed by Sawmilling Co Pty Ltd as a trucker and snigger. During 1985, while Gray was moving a Log onto Stevens truck, the log fell off and rolled off the truck, as a result, Stevens was injured1. These truckers and sniggers used their own vehicles, worked during the time they set out, were paid by the amount of timber delivered and did not deduct income tax installments2. Both employees owned and used their own equipment and vehicles, were never guaranteed work from the Sawmill3 and were free to seek other work if factors such as the weather prevented them from working4. Issue 1. To establish whether Gray and Stevens were employees or independent contractors while employed by Sawmilling Co. Rationale Decidendi The legal principle that the High Court applied in Stevens5, in regards to employee/independent contractor, was the ‘multiple indicia test’. This test is used to identify a number of criteria that the court can use, when distinguishing between employees or contractors. In regards to Stevens, Control was weighed as the significant factor when deciding between employee/contractor during the case. Judgement and Analysis Stevens6 was held in favour of Sawmilling Co Pty Ltd, classifying the two as  independent contractors through the application of the ‘indicia’. The test was originally established in 1968 in the UK 7, recognising a number of criteria to be used when assessing relationships. The test was established in response to a collapse of the previous test, the control test, which had been found to be more suited to the social conditions of earlier times, becoming obsolete in modern society8. It was found that due to technological developments, the control test had become inconsistent with the retention of effective control9, as employees skills now exceed that of their employers 10. This meant by using the application of the ‘indicia’ test, Stevens would be able to determine the relationship between the two workers. When applying the test in Stevens, the outcome of the courts decision failed to clarify which criteria was to be used when determining future cases. Stevens had adapted its ratio from previous cases, looking at the whole relationship between the individuals, making a decision on balance11 through the application of the particular criteria; the relationship of master and servant, mode of remuneration, provision and maintenance of equipment, obligation to work, hours or work, deduction of income tax and the delegation of work by the employee12. This left a problem open for interpretation, the weight that the court applied to the different ‘indicia’ on any particular case13. Previous cases before Stevens offered little help in defining the relationship between the employer and contractor, as the legal concept remains largely undefined except in terms of the various indicia, which varies between cases 14. In modern society many employers don’t process the knowledge to be able to tell their employees what to do, failing to address distinction between the relationship between employer/employee15. Stevens’ decision used control as the significant factor when determining control, weighing the balance in favor that they were contractors. Therefore, when attempting to make a judgement between employee/contractor, it can be misleading for future cases where control isn’t the significant factor, as it is no more than a guide to the existence of the relationship between master and servant. Furthermore, Stevens was self-employed, therefore in performing his contract, he used his own tools, which indicates that he was not a servant16. However,  Stevens places too little emphasis on what defines a contractors tools, which was seen in 2001 Hollis v Vabu17. The court applied the legal principles held in Stevens18, however held that the courier was an employee, not a contractor. Although the couriers provided their own tools and equipment, it actually involved ‘little capital outlay as such tools were not only capable for use as a courier, but could be used for other general purposes’19. This provides a great example of the weight that Hollis places on another particular criteria that the test, when applied in Stevens, was able to effectively establish whether they were contractors, but left much open, leading to commercial uncertainty. Impact on Subsequent Cases The impacts that followed Stevens20 saw major changes in the Industrial Relations Act 1988, the Superannuation Guarantee Act 1992 and the liability to deduct pay as your earn installments21. Businesses started avoiding the statutory obligations owed to their employees, saving up to 17% by classifying its employees as contractors22. Consequently an entirely new industry rose, attempting to take advantage of the multi-test, structuring their business so it appeared to be one of employer to independent contractor, then employer to employee23. The consequences of this was subsequently seen in Vabu v Taxation24, having avoided lodging superannuation guarantee statements, Vabu was found guilty of avoiding the minimum level of payment of superannuation for all of its couriers25. Future and Commercial implications The commercial implications that arose form Stevens26 found large corporations using the capacity of the Multi-Test to ‘minimise social wage costs, providing legal validation for the businesses to classify employees as contractors’27. These individuals became stand-in employees, still under the control of these corporations, with the ‘formality of freedom as an illusory trap’28. Therefore this has meant, that by applying Stevens multi-factor test, more times than less, the type of worker will be classified as an independent contractor, which means they will only have limited rights under the Act 29. By wrongfully labeling employees, it can have potentially serious consequences for the employer, opening up claims  for unfair dismissal, vicarious liability, potential prosecution and financial penalties, particular in regard to company’s failure to pay tax30. The effect of Stevens has meant that many businesses are now exposed to having to pay hundreds of thousands of dollars back to the government from past taxes31. Conclusion In conclusion there seems that the Multi-Indicia test is without its faults, but it is without doubt that Stevens32 was an independent contractor. However without further legislation, further developments in regard to the employee or independent contractor will be limited to the interpretation of the test by future judges, as businesses will try and continue to avoid payments and mandatory benefits to its employee’s. Bibliography Case Law Federal Commissioner for Taxation v J Walter Thompson Pty Ltd (1944) 69 CLR 227 (at 231) Hollis V Vabu Pty Ltd (2001) 207 CLR 21 Jackson & Wilson v Monadelphous Engineering Associates Pty Ltd (1997) 42 AILR 3-658 Leichhardt Municipal Council v. Montgomery (2005) NSWCA 432 Ready Mixed Concrete (South East) Ltd v Minister of Pensions and National Insurance (1968) 2 QB 497 Stevens V Brodribb Sawmilling Co Pty Ltd (1986) 160 CLR 16 Translators Agency Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation (2011) FCA 366 Vabu Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation (1996) 81 IR 150 Vabu Pty Ltd V FC 96 ATC 4898 Zuijs v Wirth Bros Pty Ltd (1955) 93 CLR 561 Legislation Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth) Independent Contractors Bill 2006 (Cth) Industrial Relations Act 1988 (Cth) Superannuation Guarantee (Administration) Act 1992 (Cth) Articles/Books/Journals Carrigan, F. ‘A Blast From the Past: The Resurgence of Legal Formalism’ (2003) 27 (1) Melbourne University Law Review 186-199 Catanzanti, J. ‘Two limbed test distinguishes employees from contractors’ (2011) 49 (6) Law Society Journal 52-56 Chan, T. E. ‘Organisational Liability in a health care system’ (2010) 18 (3) Torts Law Journal, 228 Chin, D. ‘Losing Control: the Difference Between Employees and Independent Contractors after Vabu v Commissioner of Taxation’ (1996) 52 Law Society Journal 52 De Plevitz, L. ‘Dependent Contractors: can the test from Stevens v Brodribb protect workers who are quasi-employees?’ (1997) 13 Queensland University of Technology Law Journal 263-275 Franklin, G., Lilburne, R. ‘Joint Employment: Possible pitfalls with the use of labour hire in the resources industry’ (2005) Australian Mining and Petroleum Law Association Yearbook 275-299 Gava, J., ‘Another blast from the past or why the left should embrace strict legalism: a reply to Frank Carrigan’ 27 (1) (2003) Melbourne University Law Review 186-199 Jay, D. J. ‘Employees and Independent contractors, (1999) 73 Australian Law Journal Volume 30-34 Lockton, D. Employment Law (4th ed. 2005) 137 Marshall, B. ‘Working it out – Employee or independent contractor’ (2006) 12 (5) The National Legal Eagle 14-19 Nieuwenhuysen, J. ‘Towards flexibility in academic labour markets?’ (1985) 11 Australian Bulletin of Labour 271-81 Steckfuss, K. ‘The Regulation of Unpaid Superannuation Contributions: The Inspector-General of Taxation’s Review into the ATO’s Administration of the Superannuation Guarantee Charge’ (2011) 24 (3) Australian Journal of Labour Law 281-294 Stuhmcke, A. Essential Tort Law (2nd ed 2001) Terry, A. and Ginugni D. Business and the law (5th ed 2009) 819- 8-20 Vincent, R. ‘What are the tax effects of incorporating legal practises?’ (2002) The Law Society of New South Wales 45 Other Sources Australian Government, Fair Work: Independent contractors and Employees Fact Sheet (2012) at 15 May 2012 Australian Government, Facts sheets: Independent Contractors (2012) http://www.abcc.gov.au/Factsheets/Independentcontractors/Pages/AmIanIndependentContractor.aspx> at 16 May 2012 Australian Government, Independent Contractors: The Essential Handbook (2012) at 12 May 2012 [pic] 1 De Plevitz, L. ‘Dependent contractors: can the test from Stevens v Brodribb protect workers who are quasi-employees?’ (1997) 13 Queensland University of Technology Law Journal 263-275 2 Stevens V Brodribb Sawmilling Co Pty Ltd (1986) 160 CLR 16 3 Gava, J., ‘Another blast from the past or why the left should embrace strict legalism: a reply to Frank Carrigan’ 27 (1) (2003) Melbourne University Law Review 186-199 4 De Plevitz, L. ‘Dependent contractors: can the test from Stevens v Brodribb protect workers who are quasi-employees?’ (1997) 13 Queensland University of Technology Law Journal 263-275 5 Stevens V Brodribb Sawmilling Co Pty Ltd (1986) 160 CLR 16 6 Stevens V Brodribb Sawmilling Co Pty Ltd (1986) 160 CLR 16 7 Ready Mixed Concrete (South East) Ltd v Minister of Pensions and National Insurance (1968) 2 QB 497 8 De Plevitz, L. ‘Dependent contractors: can the test from Stevens v Brodribb protect workers 9 Carrigan, F. ‘A Blast From the Past: The Resurgence of Legal Formalism’ (2003) 27 (1) Melbourne University Law Review 186-199 10 De Plevitz, L. ‘Dependent contractors: can the test from Stevens v Brodribb protect workers who are quasi-employees?’ (1997) 13 Queensland University of Technology Law Journal 263-275 11 Australian Government, Facts sheets: Independent Contractors (2012) 12 Stevens V Brodribb Sawmilling Co Pty Ltd (1986) 160 CLR 16 13 Terry, A. and Ginugni D. Business and the law (5th ed 2009) 819- 8-20 14 Stevens V Brodribb Sawmilling Co Pty Ltd (1986) 160 CLR 16 15 Stuhmcke, A. Essential Tort Law (2nd ed 2001) 16 Franklin, G., Lilburne, R. ‘Joint Employment: Possible pitfalls with the use of labour hire in the resources industry’ (2005) Australian Mining and Petroleum Law Association Yearbook 275-299 17 Hollis V Vabu Pty Ltd (2001) 207 CLR 21 18 Stevens V Brodribb Sawmilling Co Pty Ltd (1986) 160 CLR 16 19 Franklin, G., Lilburne, R. ‘Joint Employment: Possible pitfalls with the use of labour  hire in the resources industry’ (2005) Australian Mining and Petroleum Law Association Yearbook 275-299 20 Stevens V Brodribb Sawmilling Co Pty Ltd (1986) 160 CLR 16 21 Jay, D. J. ‘Employees and Independent contractors, (1999) 73 Australian Law Journal Volume 30-34 22 De Plevitz, L. ‘Dependent contractors: can the test from Stevens v Brodribb protect workers who are quasi-employees?’ (1997) 13 Queensland University of Technology Law Journal 263-275 23 De Plevitz, L. ‘Dependent contractors: can the test from Stevens v Brodribb protect workers who are quasi-employees?’ (1997) 13 Queensland University of Technology Law Journal 263-275 24 Vabu Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation (1996) 81 IR 150 25 Catanzanti, J. ‘Two limbed test distinguishes employees from contractors’ (2011) 49 (6) Law Society Journal 52-56 26 Stevens V Brodribb Sawmilling Co Pty Ltd (1986) 160 CLR 16 27 Carrigan, F. ‘A Blast From the Past: The Resurgence of Legal Formalism’ (2003) 27 (1) Melbourne University Law Review 186-199 28 Carrigan, F. ‘A Blast From the Past: The Resurgence of Legal Formalism’ (2003) 27 (1) Melbourne University Law Review 186-199 29 Catanzanti, J. ‘Two limbed test distinguishes employees from contractors’ (2011) 49 (6) Law Society Journal 52-56 30 Jackson & Wilson v Monadelphous Engineering Associates Pty Ltd (1997) 42 AILR 3-658 31 Translators Agency Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation (2011) FCA 366 32 Stevens V Brodribb Sawmilling Co Pty Ltd (1986) 160 CLR 16